<p>The Atantano Shrine is a historic commemorative marker near Piti, Guam. It is a pyramidal structure of coral limestone and concrete, about 2.5 m in height, with base dimensions of 1.6 m. It is topped by a wooden cross and protected by an open concrete shelter. The monument was built in at least three stages, the early stages acting as bases for the mounting of the later ones. Panels on three sides carry inscriptions. The oldest inscription marks the initial construction of the road between Piti and Agat under the governorship of Don Felipe Cerain in 1784-85. The second inscription commemorates the creation of rice fields in the area under by Governor Don Francisco Villabos in 1832-34, and the third marks the reconstruction of the coast road during the governorship of Edward John Dorn in 1908-09. Commemorative markers of this type were a fixture of Spanish colonial administration that were adopted by Guamanians. The shrine has been the site of annual festivities since before World War II.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Almshouse Farm at Machipongo, now known as the Barrier Islands Center, is a historic almshouse for African-Americans located at Machipongo, Northampton County, Virginia. The oldest of the three main buildings was built about 1725, and is a 1 1/2-half story structure built in two parts, one brick and one frame, and probably predates the almshouse use of the property. The main building was built about 1840, and is a frame, two-story building in the vernacular Greek Revival style. It housed residents of the almshouse farm. A building dated to 1910, is a one-story frame building in a form resembling that of one-story frame school buildings from the same period. Also on the property are two contributing small, frame, late-19 or early 20th-century outbuildings. The Northampton County Almshouse Farm was in continuous operation between 1803 and 1952.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Barrier Islands Center</h2><br>
<p>The Barrier Islands Center is housed on the former site of the Almshouse Farm. The Center has three main activities, as a local history museum, as an education and enrichment center, and as a community gathering place.</p><br>
<p>The Barrier Islands Center Museum interprets the culture and history of the people of the Barrier Islands using historic photographs and artifacts.</p><br>
<p>The Center offers programs, workshops, concerts and events about the arts, culture, nature, science and history for all ages.</p><br>
<p>Megali Panagia is a big village in Chalkidiki peninsula. It is located in the east of Chalkidiki prefecture, 80 kilometres from Thessaloniki and 12 from Arnaia, built at 440 meters height, in the slopes of the hill named Chtikela. In the brief past was the seat of local municipality . Today is included in Aristotelis municipality.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the past the village was named Revenikia. In 1928 took the current name (which means Great Virgin Mary) that related with the near pilgrimage, dedicated to Virgin Mary. The oldest references about the village date back in Byzantine era. In the Ottoman period the village belonged to the Mademochoria. During Greek War of Independence it is burnt by the Turks. A part of the village was destroyed by the big earthquake in 1932, centered in Ierissos. Many disasters in the village were noted during Second World War.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<p>The most known sight in vicinity is the pilgrimage dedicated to Virgin Mary. It was built in 1863 and was rebuilt after the earthquake in 1932. Another important sight is Panagouda. It’s about an old church inside the village, built in 1007. Near the village there is a notable, arched, old, bridge made of stone.</p><br>
<p>The Agana Historic District in Hagåtña , Guam is a 2 acre historic district that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It includes five contributing buildings: the Calvo-Torres, Rosario, Martinez-Notley, Lujan and Leon Guerrero houses.</p><br>
<p>The area is roughly bounded by 2nd S., 3rd S., and 9th W., Santa Cruz and Legaspi Sts. in Agana.</p><br>
<p>The Calvo-Torres and Martinez-Notley houses are the oldest surviving private residences in Guam. The set of structures are Guams oldest concrete buildings. And the set is the only surviving group of pre-World War II houses in Agana, "the only fragment left of old Aganas urban space." While a few scattered other individual structures survive, all else has been destroyed by World War II, termites, typhoons Karen of 1962 and Pamela of 1976, and other causes. They are also significant for tie to the Spanish colonial era and the use of ifil wood prior to Guam&#39;s deforestation.</p><br>
<p>The Calvo-Torres House is the oldest, with its oldest part dating about 1800. It is approximately 16.6 x in plan, has ifil framing, and is roofed by original Spanish tile plus later metal roofing. The oldest part, built of manposteria (coral mixed with lime mortar), once hosted a silversmith. A kitchen was added, and, in the 1920s, a concrete addition.</p><br>
<p>The Rosario House is believed to have been built in the late 1800s. It is a 8.8 x south-facing "one-and-a-half bodega type" structure.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Martinez-Notley House was built in 1826. William H. Notley married into the Martinez family. The house is 20.9 x. It is described as having massing and overall character with "strong Spanish overtones&quot it is largely surrounded by manposteria walls.</p><br>
<p>The Leon Guerrero House is a 17.7 x house started in 1939 but halted by rumors of war, then used as barracks by Japanese personnel during the war, with storage of rice in its lower level. It would have been destroyed after the war but its owner, Leon Guerrero, refused to vacate.</p><br>
<p>The Lujan House is separately listed on the National Register as Guam Institute.</p><br>
<p>Coultershaw Bridge is a rural community situated 1.5 mi south of the town Petworth in West Sussex, England where the A285 road from Petworth to Chichester crosses the River Rother.</p><br>
<p>Between 1792 and 1888, there were also wharves and a lock at Coultershaw on the Rother Navigation. Until the 1970s, a water mill stood on the river housing a beam engine which was originally installed in 1782 by the 3rd Earl of Egremont to pump water from the river to Petworth and his home at Petworth House. Following the demolition of the mill, the Coultershaw Beam Pump was restored to working order and is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument, which is open to the public on summer weekends.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>In Saxon times the locality was known as "Cuóheres Hóh", meaning "Couhere&#39;s spur of land". By 1240, the name was given as "Cuteresho". Since then, the name has been spelt in many different ways, including "Cowtershall" (1535), "Cowtershawe" (1564), "Coultersole" (1716), "Cowdersole" (1779), "Cowters Hall" (1795) and, finally by its present name in 1800.</p><br>
<h2>Coultershaw Mill</h2><br>
<p>The Domesday Book, compiled in 1086 records a mill at Petworth, which almost certainly referred to the mill at Coultershaw.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-13th century, the mill was owned by the Percy family, and in July 1240, William de Percy endowed the priory at Shulbrede near Linchmere with the mill at "Cutersho" while retaining the right to "the free grinding of all kinds of corn which shall be used in his house at Pettewurth". He also granted the priory the right to take earth from his land near the mill to repair the mill-pool when necessary, and granted that the "villeins" at Tillington and Petworth should give the prior up to three days&#39; aid each year to repair the mill-pool. In consideration for the transfer, the prior was to pay Percy or his heirs two marks of silver each year until such time as Percy gave "ten librates of land in a suitable place in Sussex or Yorkshire" to the prior, after which the mill would revert to Percy.</p><br>
<p>The Percy family failed to exercise their right to reclaim ownership of the mill; in the Sussex Hundred Rolls of 1275, the mill was shown as belonging to the priory, with an annual value of £10. In 1291, in Taxatio Ecclesiastica (a survey of temporal property held by religious bodies granted to King Edward I by Pope Nicholas IV), the mill (now valued at £2 per annum) was recorded as at "Catesstowe" or "Cotestoke" while in 1380 it was recorded as at "Codestowe". When the priory was surveyed for Valor Ecclesiasticus (a survey of the finances of the church made in 1535 on the orders of King Henry VIII), the mill (now at "Cowtershall") was still recorded among the priory&#39;s assets, with an annual value of 53s 4d.</p><br>
<p>Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, the priory and its possessions were granted by charter by King Heny VIII to Sir William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton. The mill subsequently reverted to the Percy family. Lady Elizabeth Percy inherited the Petworth properties on the death of her father in 1670. In 1682, she married Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and so became Duchess of Somerset, with the Duke thus becoming the owner of the Petworth estate.</p><br>
<p>In 1703 the court roll refers to a "mill called Coutershoal Mill" being kept up "for the conveniency and service of the tennants and that it is the custom of this manor for the tennants to grind at the said mill".</p><br>
<p>The Duke of Somerset died in 1750, followed two years later by his son, the 7th Duke. On the death of the 7th Duke, his nephew, Charles Wyndham, inherited Petworth and the title Earl of Egremont.</p><br>
<p>There were two corn mills and a malt mill recorded on the site in 1534. The mill was destroyed by fire in 1923, and an unattractive steel-framed concrete building replaced it.</p><br>
<p>From the early 20th century until the mill was closed in 1972, the mill was operated by the Gwillim family, who also operated North Mill in Midhurst. Correspondence relating to the tenancy of Coultershaw Mill by the Gwillim family from 1905 to 1930 is held in the West Sussex Record Office, as is a copy of the final lease drawn up in August 1968 between "John Edward Reginald, Baron Egremont, of Petworth House" and "J. Gwillim Limited, Coultershaw&quot this was for a period of twenty years at an initial rent of £1,250 per annum.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, John Gwillim and Novadel Limited registered a patent for "Improvements in plansifters and the like" (United Kingdom Patent GB353145). A "plansifter" was "a stack of sieves of decreasing mesh size that separate particles by size" for use in milling operations.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, Phyllis Catt, the daughter of John Gwillim published "A Miller&#39;s Daughter" in which she recorded her experiences living at the mill and North Mill, Midhurst to a background of the "rumble of machinery and the rush of water".</p><br>
<p>Following the death of John Gwillim in 1972, the mill ceased to operate and the building was demolished the following year,</p><br>
<h2>History of Petworth's water supply</h2><br>
<p>Before the supply of piped water to the town, the residents of Petworth obtained water from springs to the east of the town, such as the Virgin Mary Spring, from which water can still be drawn.</p><br>
<p>The first piped water supply to Petworth was established in the early 16th century by Rev. John Edmunds, the local Rector, who installed a 3 in diameter lead pipe from springs, at the junction of the lower greensand and Atherfield clay, in Boxgrove Paddock, about 1 mi west of the town, to supply the Manor House (now Petworth House) and conduits in the town. The main pipe led to a stone reservoir on the north side of the churchyard with branches to points in the lower levels of the town. By 1575, the pipes were severely decayed and to help pay for their maintenance, Henry, 8th Earl of Northumberland endowed the town with the 7 acre Conduit Field, east of Hungers Lane on the south side of the road to Midhurst.</p><br>
<p>In 1625, there were fountains outside the church and in the Market Square and conduits in the town, including outside "The George" inn at the north end of South Street (now Pound Street). By this time, the revenue from the lands at the Conduit Field were insufficient to finance the maintenance of the pipes and agreement was reached between the townspeople and the earl that, in return for receiving back the Conduit Field, he would carry out the necessary repairs and be responsible for the ongoing upkeep of the pipes with two wardens being chosen, one by the Earl and one by the town, who would supervise the maintenance of the supply.</p><br>
<p>By the late 18th century, the conduit system was inadequate to meet the needs of the town and in 1782, George, 3rd Earl of Egremont installed a pump at Coultershaw Mill on the River Rother 1.5 mi south of the town. The pump was driven by an undershot wooden wheel and forced the water along a main pipe of 3 in inside bore to feed two reservoirs, one in Petworth Park, on Lawn Hill and the other in the south-east corner of the town to the west of Percy Row near the old gaol. The supply was kept separate from the supply from the conduit system, as the river water contained suspended fine sediment of greensand and other pollutants and was not considered fit for human consumption.</p><br>
<p>Connection to the new supply required approval from the Earl of Egremont; despite this, there were a large number of unauthorised connections although the system was not intended to be used for drinking, being untreated river water. In 1839, it was recorded that the pipes from Coultershaw supplied 7 public and 146 private stopcocks in Petworth, including the brewery, malt house, a windmill and the Swan Inn.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, Dr Charles Kelly reported to Lord Leconfield on the state of the towns water supply and the health of the townspeople. His report showed that the towns sewage was drained onto fields to the south of the town, where it flowed along ditches into the River Rother, about 1 mi upstream of the pump at Coultershaw; thus the water that was extracted from the river and pumped to the town was polluted by human waste. Although there was still a plentiful supply of clean drinking water from the 17th century system, its distribution around the town was inadequate with only a small number of cisterns. As a result, the inhabitants of the town found it more convenient to obtain water from the river system rather than make the long walk to and from the conduits. Dr Kelly recommended that a new system should be installed to obtain fresh water from three springs in the neighbourhood and that sewage should be prevented from entering the river to avoid the risk of cholera or typhoid.</p><br>
<p>Although Dr Kelly&#39;s proposals were not immediately acted upon, in 1882 agreement was reached between Lord Leconfield and the Rural Sanitary Authority that a new water supply should be obtained from springs at Gorehill to the south-east of the town. A new pumping station was built, under consulting engineers Hassard & Tyrrell, at Haslingbourne from where the water was pumped by a 6 h.p. Mason & Weyman steam engine with a Cornish boiler, through 5 in pipes to a new reservoir near the Cottage Hospital, on high ground a mile east of the town. The supply to the town from the new reservoir was connected to the existing river mains which were plugged so that only spring water could circulate through the town, while the water from the river continued to supply the reservoir in Petworth Park.</p><br>
<h2>Coultershaw Wharf</h2><br>
<p>Between 1791 and 1794, the Third Earl of Egremont financed the upgrading of the River Rother and the construction of a series of locks, to make the river navigable for commercial traffic between the River Arun at Pulborough and Midhurst.</p><br>
<p>Digging the route for the new Rother Navigation began in August 1791 at Stopham, where, by use of the River Arun, it connected with the Wey and Arun Canal and thus to London. By the end of July 1792, the excavations had been completed to Coultershaw Wharf, where the canal made use of the millstream, which here ran nearly due south, with the main stream of the river running in a large meander to the west with a weir at its head. At the mill itself, the fourth lock was constructed a few yards to the west of the mill. By June 1793, commercial traffic had started to use the canal with timber being carried from Coultershaw to the Arun in August 1793. In November 1794, the first barge loads of chalk arrived at the newly built kiln at Coultershaw, which was situated to the east of the road about a hundred yards north of the mill.</p><br>
<p>Until 1800, the turnpike from Chichester to Petworth descended Duncton Hill before crossing the River Rother at Rotherbridge, half a mile north-west of Coultershaw. The Petworth Turnpike Trustees, including the Third Earl of Egremont, suspected that William Warren, the miller at Coultershaw, was allowing his "friends" to cross the river by using the mill bridge, thus avoiding the toll for use of the turnpike. By Act of Parliament in 1800, Lord Egremont paid for the construction of a new bridge at Coultershaw and the re-routing of the turnpike direct from there to Petworth. As a result, the former twin-arched bridge at Rotherbridge was pulled down and the stone was used to build the new bridge at Coultershaw with a toll-house on the west bank of the river.</p><br>
<p>Although Coultershaw was about 1.5 mi south of Petworth, it was the nearest wharf on the navigation and quickly eased the transport of fertiliser, coal and building materials to the town and surrounding areas and improved access to wider markets for agricultural, timber and other products. The wharf at Coultershaw was the busiest on the navigation, handling over half the navigation&#39;s traffic. In 1820, 1,683 tons of coal were carried to Coultershaw.</p><br>
<p>By 1808, the wharf stretched over both sides of the river. "Big Wharf" on the north (east) bank, contained a small warehouse (leased to William Upton, a Petworth merchant, until 1840), a blacksmiths shop and shoeing shed (leased to Michael Ford), and six coal pens. A variety of huts and storehouses also stood on "Little Wharf" on the south (west) bank. Adjacent to the wharf stood the flour mill (now leased to William Dale), with Lord Egremonts limekilns nearby.</p><br>
<p>The navigation was at its busiest from 1823 to 1863, with the annual tonnage never falling below 10,000. In 1843, the quantity of coal carried to Coultershaw had risen to 2,000 tons with a total of 7,000 tons of merchandise passing through Coultershaw that year, which represented 55% of the total traffic on the navigation.</p><br>
<p>In October 1859, the London Brighton and South Coast Railway opened the railway line from Pulborough to Petworth with the new Petworth station being sited half a mile south from Coultershaw, 2 mi in all from the town centre. At first, the railway had little effect on the navigation until, in 1863, the Arun Valley Line was extended south from Pulborough to Arundel and Ford where it connected to the south coast mainline. Within a year, the navigation had lost 5,000 tons or 40% of its annual traffic. The extension of the railway to Midhurst in 1866, resulted in further loss of traffic, with the canal traffic being restricted to loads, such as large trees, which were too large for the railway.</p><br>
<p>Commercial traffic continued on the navigation until 1888 although it was only formally abandoned in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The toll house at Coultershaw was demolished in the late 1870s, although its foundations were still visible on the west side of the canal bridge in the 1950s. The lock and bridge have survived despite being threatened with destruction by the need to widen the narrow bridge carrying the A285 road from Petworth to Chichester.</p><br>
<p>There are two bridges at Coultershaw wharf: that over the River Rother, built in 1803, still carries the heavy traffic of the A285; the bridge over the former navigation was originally a steep hump back type, but the road bed has since been flattened out.</p><br>
<h2>The beam pump</h2><br>
<p>The beam pump was installed in the mill in 1782 by the 3rd Earl of Egremont to pump water from the river to Petworth and his home at Petworth House, which was 1.5 mi north of the mill and more than 150 ft higher. The identity of the designer of the pump at Coultershaw is now unknown but, as it is very similar in design to the pumps installed by George Sorocold under London Bridge in 1705, it is probable that Lord Egremont was aware of these pumps from his visits to London.</p><br>
<p>Similar pumps were installed nearby in West Sussex at about the same time, at Uppark and Bignor Park, and in the 1840s at Woolbeding, although a project to restore the pump at Woolbeding commenced in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The pump was operated by a breastshot water wheel which was direct coupled to a three-throw crankshaft (cast in 1912) which swung three 12 ft long beams pivoted at one end through connecting rods. The pump plunger rods connected to the outer free ends of the beams travel in a substantially straight-line motion; these were fitted with back to back 6 in diameter leather cups and non-return valves made from leather flaps. The pump has three cylinders with a 6.5 in bore and a stroke of 13 in. The pump could produce an operating pressure of in excess of 75 psi.</p><br>
<p>The water was drawn from the main culvert feeding the wheel by means of a vertical oak penstock, through a 4 in diameter cast iron pipe, and delivered through a 3 in diameter cast iron pipe to the reservoirs at Petworth. At a later date, a compressed air vessel was installed in the delivery line to reduce pressure fluctuations. Between the pump and Petworth, there were a number of non-return valves. At its peak, the pump could deliver water at the rate of 20,000 impgal per day, or "a hogshead a minute".</p><br>
<p>The original water wheel was made entirely of wood but was replaced in the mid-19th century by an iron wheel cast at the Chorley Iron Foundry at Cocking. The present wheel has two cast iron spiders with hexagonal centres fixed to a wrought iron shaft. The spiders are 8 ft in diameter with oak paddles 16 in deep by 4 ft wide, making the overall diameter of the wheel 11 ft. The alignment between the crankshaft and the waterwheel shaft was not very accurate; to reduce friction, the bearings between the wheel and the pump were left loose. When operating, the pump was very noisy and the clatter could be heard throughout the mill building. Since it has been restored, a flexible coupling has been inserted between the two shafts, thus reducing the amount of clatter.</p><br>
<p>The pump survived the fire which destroyed the original mill in 1923 and continued to operate in the replacement building until about 1960. Because no other beam pump of similar size and age in working order is known to exist, the restored Coultershaw pump was declared an Ancient Monument in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Although the mill was demolished in 1973, the beam pump and water wheel were saved for restoration, although the sluices and waterwheel paddles needed replacement. In 1976, the Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society received permission from the present Lord Egremont to restore the pump to working order. The restoration was undertaken voluntarily by the society members in order to eventually open the site to the public and was financed by grants from the Historic Buildings Section of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, West Sussex County Council and the Department of the Environment as well as assistance from Lord Egremont, the owner of the land surrounding the installation. Work commenced immediately, and by October a temporary visitor centre was in place and regular fortnightly work sessions were under way.</p><br>
<p>As the pump installation was below ground level, and the mill having been demolished, the plan was to acquire a barn locally and erect it over the installation. A 100-year-old barn was obtained from the nearby Goodwood estate and erected over the pump both to protect it and to serve as a visitor centre.</p><br>
<p>By early 1980, the initial phase of the restoration project was completed. On 16 March, the mill wheel was running again for the first time after restoration. Two months later, the wheel, pump and fountain were working together for the first time. On 4 July 1980, the Beam Pump was ceremoniously started by Lord Egremont, in the presence of invited guests including Philip Green, Chairman of West Sussex County Council&#39;s Coast and Countryside Committee, and two days later, the first public Open Day was held.</p><br>
<p>The pump now supplies a fountain outside the visitor centre and can still deliver a "hogshead a minute".</p><br>
<h2>Visits</h2><br>
<p>The museum is open to the public on the first and third Sundays and all bank holiday Mondays from April to September. As well as the pump, other exhibits include an hydraulic ram pump, hand pumps and an electrically driven borehole pump. Visitors can also see the mill pond below the sluices, the navigation pool and the former stables for the canal horses.</p><br>
<p>The River Rother at Coultershaw is popular with anglers and contains large quantities of chub and barbel.</p><br>
<h2>Recent developments</h2><br>
<p>In July 2012, Lord Egremont officially "switched on" the Archimedes&#39; screw water turbine which had been installed into the wheel pit of the former corn mill. The water turbine, which generates "green" electricity, is believed to be the first of its kind in the south east of England. The six-ton screw can develop 65,000 kWh of electricity per annum and is connected to the National Grid. The project was managed by Robin Wilson CBE, the chairman of the Coultershaw Trust, who had been president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1991–92.</p><br>
<p>The trust has continued to improve the facilities at Coultershaw. In July 2013, work was completed on a new boardwalk and footbridge spanning the river and former navigation, thus extending the site area accessible to visitors. The disused lock has now been dammed off and a footpath has been laid within the lock chamber, to enable visitors to walk through and inspect the walls and remaining gate fittings. In December 2013, the boardwalk was seriously damaged by exceptional flooding on the River Rother.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>The Downtown Quincy Historic District is a historic district located in downtown Quincy, Illinois, containing numerous buildings showcasing some of the citys bustling late-19th-century and early-20th-century architecture. In the 1800s, Quincy was a popular destination for travelers making their way west via rail service. The Mississippi River was also a major economic benefit for the community, furthering the citys importance in commerce.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures and attractions</h2><br>
<h3>Elkton Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Elkton Hotel was built in 1924 as a collaboration project by local architects Martin Geise and Harvey Chatten. It was to function as the new home for the Elks Club. Geometric shapes on the brick structure are some of the more striking features of this building. In 1949, the upper floors were converted into apartments and the structure was re-branded as the Elkton Hotel. As for the original Elks Club clubrooms, they have been converted into a popular restaurant known as the Patio.</p><br>
<h3>History Museum</h3><br>
<p>Completed in 1888, the History Museum first functioned as the Quincy Public Library. It is a Romanesque Revival-style structure facing Washington Park. Following its years as a public library, the building functioned as the Gardner Museum of Architecture and Design. In addition to providing a glimpse at Quincys rich architectural history, one of the museums most extensive collections included a permanent exhibit of stained glass. Due to budget cuts, the museum closed in 2012, and most of its exhibits and stained glass were purchased by the Historical Society of Quincy and Adams County. The building currently houses the History Museum. The museum displays selections of the extensive collections owned by the Society. The Historical Society also offers special events and speakers related to Quincy&#39;s rich history.</p><br>
<h3>Hotel Quincy</h3><br>
<p>The Hotel Quincy (originally known as the New Tremont Hotel) is a 7-story tall (100 ft) structure, completed in 1910, that functions as an apartment complex and also is the television studio for local NBC affiliate WGEM-TV.</p><br>
<h3>Illinois State Bank</h3><br>
<p>Beginning construction in 1880, the Illinois State Bank is a seven-story-tall structure showcasing Chicago-style architecture and was designed by Quincy architect Martin Geise. The first floor, housing the bank, featured a large White Colorado marble lobby with ivory and gold fixtures.</p><br>
<h3>Kresge Building</h3><br>
<p>The Kresge Building began its construction in 1923, and an additional phase of its construction began in 1939. It was designed by architect Harold Holmes. Controversy resulted when the developers only wanted to construct two levels, when the city required three by ordinance. Finding a way around the ordinance, the developers decided to create two levels of windows, thereby observing the city ordinance while maintaining the owners request for only two stories. In 1968, a massive fire damaged much of the building and the future of the structure was in jeopardy. Dale Kirlin Sr., who previously worked at the Kresge Building in his youth, decided to purchase the fire-damaged structure, extensively renovate, and re-locate the Kirlins Hallmark company into the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Lincoln-Douglas Apartment Building</h3><br>
<p>The Lincoln-Douglas Apartment Building is a renovated, eight-story-tall apartment complex that caters to low-income seniors and was funded in part by the USA Department of Housing and Urban Development. It also functions as the main studio and headquarters of STARadio Corporation, a local broadcasting company that owns several radio stations throughout the region.</p><br>
<h3>"Looking For Lincoln" historic markers</h3><br>
<p>Throughout downtown Quincy and the historic district lie numerous information plaques trailing US President Abraham Lincoln&#39;s life in Illinois, mostly following his time as an attorney in this part of the state.</p><br>
<h3>Masonic Temple</h3><br>
<p>Built with a Renaissance Revival design intended, the Masonic Temple was constructed in 1911 at a cost of US$84,000 and includes a reception hall, parlor, library, and armory for the Knights Templar.</p><br>
<h3>Quincy Post Office</h3><br>
<p>The historic Quincy Post Office, built in 1887, also functioned as the Adams County Courthouse for a time. The Quincy Post Office is designed in the Châteauesque style. It was designed by renown architect Mifflin E. Bell, whom was known for his work on government structures. This Post Office was constructed with brick bearing walls and a limestone exterior and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h3>Schott Building</h3><br>
<p>With Romanesque Revival and Sullivanesque influences in mind, the Schott Building was constructed in the 1890s by Swiss architect John Batschy. Today, a restaurant is housed on the first floor and the building was extensively used in the 2009 independent horror film Hampshire: A Ghost Story.</p><br>
<h3>S.J. Lesem Building</h3><br>
<p>The S.J. Lesem Building is a four-story, Italian-style brick building that first saw use as a warehouse and was completed in 1871. Today, it houses lofts in the upper floors and the first floor is home to the Tiramisu Italian restaurant.</p><br>
<h3>State Savings Loan and Trust</h3><br>
<p>The State Street Savings Loan & Trust Building is an example of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture and was constructed in 1892 by Chicago architects Patton & Fischer. In 1906, an extension was made, designed by local architect Ernest M. Wood. The bank suffered following the Depression and was nearly demolished before being bought by George M. Irwin in 1964. Irwin renovated the structure and converted the lobby to function for retail space. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In January 2000, the structure served as the backdrop to President Bill Clinton&#39;s visit to Quincy.</p><br>
<h3>Villa Katherine</h3><br>
<p>The Villa Kathrine is a Moroccan-style home built in 1900 that overlooks the Mississippi River from atop the bluffs. It was built for wealthy Quincy resident W. George Metz, who grew fond of Moroccan architecture during his travels abroad. Rumor had it that Metzs intention was to live in the home with a woman he met on his travels, but she refused to move to Illinois or died en route. The structure was sold in 1912, fell into disrepair, and then restored by the local group Friends of the Castle. Today, the Villa Kathrine functions as Quincys Visitor Center and gives tours of the home.</p><br>
<h3>Washington Park</h3><br>
<p>Washington Park is Quincys first park and was once known as Johns Square, after city founder John Wood. It was the site of the sixth famous debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas over the divisive issue of slavery and national union, where a crowd of 10–15,000 people came to hear the two men speak. In 1994, a nationally televised re-enactment of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was broadcast on C-SPAN. It is also the site chosen for many of Quincy&#39;s festivities including the Dogwood Festival, Blues in the District, and the Midsummer Art Festival.</p><br>
<h3>Washington Theater</h3><br>
<p>Washington Theater is a 1480-seat theater built in 1924 to cater to stage and cinema showings. The structure is notable for its influences in Mediterranean and Byzantine architecture. It was remodeled in 1926 following the purchase of the theater to Balaban & Katz. In the years that followed, the theater hosted many vaudeville and photoplay shows, but suffered when films introduced sound. This prompted yet another upgrade to bring audiences back once sound pictures became the industry&#39;s standard. The Kerasotes Theater chain bought the site in 1971 and continued to show films into the 1980s. Since, Washington Theater has undergone several purchases and became neglected by owners before coming into possession by the City of Quincy. Currently, an organization is renovating the space to modernize the theater and to eventually re-open.</p><br>
<h3>Western Catholic Union Building</h3><br>
<p>The Western Catholic Union Building is an 11-story tall skyscraper in downtown Quincy built in the beaux-arts style. It was constructed in 1925 by a Catholic fraternal-insurance group and took two years to complete construction. Some features of the structure included a rooftop garden, auditorium, a barber shoppe, four bowling alleys, office spaces, a small gym, and a swimming pool in the basement. In 1929, the swimming pool was closed and covered to allow additional office space after a crack in the wall was found. Today, the WCU Building remains as Quincy&#39;s tallest structure.</p><br>
<h2>Non-Historic Structures</h2><br>
<h3>Oakley-Lindsay Center</h3><br>
<p>The Oakley-Lindsay Center is the regional convention center for Quincy, Illinois and the tri-state region. It opened in 1995 at a cost of $8 million. It serves as the convention hub of the Quincy micropolitan area and fills the market in-between St. Louis and Iowa City. It hosts concerts, wedding receptions, rodeos, and other numerous events.</p><br>
<h3>Quincy Newspapers Corporate Headquarters</h3><br>
<p>The headquarters of Quincy Newspapers is located in the southern portion of downtown and this structure acts as the printing press for the regional newspaper, the Quincy Herald-Whig, and also houses QNI&#39;s corporate offices. The company owns several local television stations around the Midwest, and their flagship network, WGEM, is headquartered down the street in the Hotel Quincy.</p><br>
<h3>Salvation Army's Ray & Joan KROC Center</h3><br>
<p>Opened in 2011, the Salvation Army&#39;s Ray & Joan KROC Center functions as a state-of-the-art, private membership community center with amenities including an indoor swimming pool with slide, a 499-seat auditorium, gymnasiums, a game room, and a cafe. It was awarded a silver LEED certificate for being an environmentally-friendly structure.</p><br>
<h2>Former structures and attractions</h2><br>
<h3>Newcomb Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Newcomb Hotel, located adjacent to both the Gardner Museum and Washington Park, is a former 130-room, five-story hotel built in 1888. It was designed by St. Louis architect Issac S. Taylor and funded by Quincy-Chicago businessman Richard Newcomb, who owned the Gem City Paper Mill. The hotel opened on the same day as the inauguration of President Benjamin Harrison, and a ball was held in his honor. For a time, it was considered the finest hotel in the state outside of Chicago. A major fire struck the structure in 1904 and killed two workers. In the years since, the hotel has fallen into disrepair and has continued to deteriorate due to neglect. In 2013, the structure was listed as one of Illinois&#39; most-endangered historic places.</p><br>
<p>On September 6, 2013, the vacant Newcomb Hotel caught fire, causing significant damage to the structure. It was considered a total loss and demolished the following Sunday.</p><br>
<h3>Old Adams County Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>On April 12, 1945, a tornado ripped through the business district of Quincy, Illinois, and severely damaged the courthouse. The wind was so severe that it blew the roof off of the structure, damaging it beyond repair. Because the incident occurred a few hours after news reached Quincy of President Roosevelt&#39;s death, several residents joked that "FDR and God were just fighting over the power up there."</p><br>
<h3>Paper Box Factory properties</h3><br>
<h2>Annual events and attractions</h2><br>
<p>The Downtown Quincy Historic District hosts several major events throughout the year. During summer months, Washington Park holds Blues in the District, a free concert featuring many blues musicians. Washington Park is also the site for the local Farmers market and the Midsummer Arts Faire, an event that showcases artist works from around the region. Amusement rides encircle the town square also during the Dogwood Parade and Festival in May, while basketball players from around the region converge into the district to play in the 3-on-3 Gus Macker tournament later in the month.</p><br>
<p>Cape Charles Historic District is a national historic district located at Cape Charles, Northampton County, Virginia. The Town was surveyed by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources in 1989, and a National Register Historic District was created and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania politician, businessman and horse afficianado William Lawrence Scott caused Pocomoke City, Maryland, engineer Robert Bauman to lay out a town at the southern terminus of his New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad, which was constructed in the 1880s and allowed agricultural produce and goods from the Delmarva Peninsula to be shipped across the Chesapeake Bay much more economically than previously. The town grew as the railroad brought passengers and freight, but stagnated after World War II and especially after passenger rail service ended in 1958. Ferry service also ended about three decades ago.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses 526 contributing buildings and 3 contributing structures in the town of Cape Charles. The buildings relate to the towns development as a harbor and railroad town in the late-19th and early-20th century. Notable buildings include the Seafood Headquarters (c. 1886), McCrorys Store annex (c. 1900), Mitchell House, Jack Moore House (c. 1910), A. L. Detwiler House (1919), Kellogg House (1924), Mumford Bank (c. 1895), Parsons Building, Watsons Hardware, Mack Building, Palace Theatre, Municipal Building, St. Stephens African Methodist Episcopal Church (1885, 1912), St. Charles Roman Catholic Church (1889), Trinity United Methodist Church (1893), the former Presbyterian church (1902, Cape Charles Memorial Library), First Presbyterian Church (1926), and USA Post Office (1932).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Washoe County Library, at 301 S. Center St. in Reno, Nevada, is a public library and is a historic Modern-style building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is known also as the Downtown Library or as the Downtown Reno Library. It was designed by Hewitt Campau Wells in Modern style and was built in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The building received the national Industrial Landscape Award in 1968 for its interior use of plants, shrubs, and trees as an integral part of its design. The award, presented by Lady Bird Johnson in Washington, D.C., was given specifically to architect Hewitt Wells, to landscape architect Mitchell Serven, and to Purdy and Fitzpatrick Nursery.</p><br>
<p>Although the building was less than 50 years old, the usual requirement, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Sooner Lake is a reservoir in Pawnee and Noble counties in the USA state of Oklahoma. It was built in 1972 to serve as a reservoir of cooling water for a coal-fired power generation plant owned by Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company . The plant is at the northwest end of the lake. The normal elevation is 927 ft. Maximum depth is 89 ft and average depth is 28 ft. The lake covers 5,400 acre and has a water capacity of 149,000 acre-feet. The shoreline is 42 mi long.</p><br>
<p>The lake is not far from the Arkansas River. It was originally filled by pumping water from the river and is maintained at the desired level the same way.</p><br>
<p>Sooner Lake includes a wildlife preserve and is the home to bald eagles during the winter months. Eagle cameras have been placed at nesting sites and can be viewed online.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Doña Juana is the highest peak in the municipality of Orocovis, Puerto Rico, rising to 1,058 m above sea level. It is part of the Toro Negro State Forest, and is the 12th tallest mountain in Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking and access trail</h2><br>
<p>Trail number 3, known as "Camino Torre Observacion", makes its way up to Cerro Doña Juana from Trail #1 (Camino El Bolo) which can be started at the Toro Negro State Forest visitors area. The visitors parking area is located on PR-143, km 34.4. PR-143 is a winding two-lane mountain road that must be travelled very slowly as it is not possible to see traffic coming the opposite direction for any significant length. Route 143 can be accessed via the better-traveled Route 10. Route 143 is part of the Ruta Panorámica. There is an observation tower atop Cerro Doña Juana.</p><br>
<p>Vanylvsfjorden is a fjord in western Norway, on the border of Sogn og Fjordane and Møre og Romsdal counties. The 30 km long fjord runs between the mainland of Vanylven Municipality and the Stad peninsula of Selje Municipality, with the islands of Sande Municipality lying in the mouth of the fjord. The inner part of the fjord branches into the Syltefjorden and Kjødepollen. The deepest part of the fjord reaches about 252 m below sea level, just northeast of Borgundvåg.</p><br>
<p>There are settlements all around the shoreline of the fjord and on some of the islands at the mouth of the fjord. Some of the larger, more notable villages on the shore of the fjord include Fiskåbygd, Sylte, Slagnes, Åheim (all in Vanylven) and Leikanger and Borgundvåg (in Selje).</p><br>
<p>The Haugsholmen Lighthouse is located in the outer part of the fjord.</p><br>
<p>Crane Park Island is a Local Nature Reserve in Twickenham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is also part of The Crane Corridor Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation. The site is an island in the River Crane, which is owned by Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council and managed by the London Wildlife Trust. The  entrance is next to the Shot Tower in Crane Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was formerly the site of Hounslow Gunpowder Works, and the island was created to contain a mill pool to drive mill machinery. Some remains of it can still be seen, but the only major surviving structure is the Shot Tower, built in 1828. There were frequent explosions, and the Shot Tower was probably built as a watch tower to warn workers of fire hazards. In 1927 the licence to manufacture gunpowder was withdrawn, and part of the site was sold to Twickenham Council. The Council turned it into Crane Park, which opened in 1935. In 1990 Crane Park Island was designated a Local Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>The site</h2><br>
<p>The island is heavily wooded, and also has a pond and areas of scrub and reedbeds. Mammals include the rare water vole, and other animals such as kingfishers (a legally protected species), woodpeckers, frogs, damselflies and dragonflies are also found there.</p><br>
<p>Eastville Historic District is a national historic district located at Eastville, Northampton County, Virginia. The district encompasses 315 contributing buildings, 7 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures in the county seat of Northampton County. The historic district contains a wide variety of residential, commercial, governmental, educational, social, religious, and funerary resources dating from 1731. Notable buildings include the courthouse , clerk’s office , Park Hall , Eastville Inn, Ingleside , Hickory Grounds , Maria Robins House , the Old Brick Store , Abdell Funeral Home , Edward Holland House , and Ailworth Hall . Also located in the district are the separately listed Cessford, Eastville Mercantile, and James Brown&#39;s Dry Goods Store.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Goondiwindi War Memorial is a heritage-listed war memorial at Marshall Street, Goondiwindi, Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. The memorial includes a life-sized statue of a Digger  and memorial gates .</p><br>
<p>It is also known as Memorial Gates and The Soldiers&#39; Memorial (Digger Statue). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Goondiwindi War Memorial includes a digger statue unveiled 21 September 1922 and a set of gates erected in 1949, as memorials to the First and Second World Wars respectively.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers&#39; Monument was originally erected in Herbert Street, with an iron fence surrounding the monument. The monument cost £1 800 and was unveiled on 21 September 1922, by Sir Matthew Nathan, Governor of Queensland, who was in Goondiwindi to observe an eclipse of the sun. It is likely that the monument was erected by a public committee. Although the designer of the monument is unknown, it is possible that it was manufactured in New South Wales.</p><br>
<p>In 1949 the monument was re-sited, presumably at the time the World War 2 Memorial Gates were constructed. More than £2,844 was spent on transferring the monument to the park site and erecting the gates. The gates were erected by the Goondiwindi War Memorial Committee, and were unveiled in April 1949 by Sir Thomas William Glasgow. At the completion of the ceremony the keys of the gates were handed to Alderman F Vetter, symbolic of the town accepting responsibility and custody of the memorial. The designer of the gates is also unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Goondiwindi War Memorial is located at the western end of Goondiwindi&#39;s main street, in the south-eastern corner of the Goondiwindi Memorial Park. The memorial consists of a Digger monument (WWI) and memorial gates (WWII). The monument rises to approximately six metres and is centrally placed within a generous square enclosure whose boundaries are defined by poplar trees, hedges, silky oaks and figs. The monument is axially aligned with the memorial gates, which truncate the street corner. The monument framed by the gates with a backdrop of poplar trees creates an impressive formal tableau.</p><br>
<p>The monument consists of a life-sized grey sandstone Digger on a red and grey polished granite column, which sits on a polished blocked trachyte pedestal and a stepped concrete base. The pedestal has gilt incriptions, and the column has a grey granite base and capital with a red granite shaft. The Digger stands with his left foot forward, holding the top of the rifle barrel in his right hand.</p><br>
<p>The memorial gates are formed with sandstone pillars and decorative steel gates, and comprise a central gateway flanked by two smaller gateways. The pillars have sandstone nibs, and are topped with rectilinear octagonal light fittings. The gates have circular motifs and crests.</p><br>
<p>The monument is well-crafted in fine materials, and the formal tableau of the monument and poplars framed by the gates makes a strong aesthetic contribution to the Goondiwindi townscape.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Goondiwindi War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Goondiwindi War Memorial is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, as evidence of an era of widespread expression of Australian patriotism and nationalism, during and following the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community: the monument is well-crafted in unusual and fine materials; and the formal tableau of the monument and poplars framed by the gates makes an aesthetic contribution to the Goondiwindi townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historical event.</p><br>
<p>Ditchley is a historic plantation house located near Kilmarnock, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built in 1762, and is a two-story, Georgian style brick mansion with a hipped roof. It consists of a five bay main block flanked by one-story wings. The house was renovated and modernized in the 1930s by noted philanthropist Jessie Ball duPont . Also on the property are two contributing smokehouses and the Lee family cemetery and site of a kitchen building.</p><br>
<p>Original built in 1687. This plantation was a grant to Col. Richard Lee I and was named for a Lee estate near Oxford, England. House was built by Kendall Lee, grandson of Richard Lee and son of Captain Hancock Lee I, Hon. (1653–1709) and Mary Kendall (1661–1694).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Tall Munbāqa ) is a 5000-year-old town complex in northern Syria now lying in ruins.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical location</h2><br>
<p>The ruins are located on the east bank of the upper course of the Euphrates, on the steep slope of the former river valley. In the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, the city was an important city-state in the region.</p><br>
<p>Due to the establishment of the Tabqa Dam at Al-Thawrah, 35 kilometers west of Raqqa, the city ruins are partially flooded today. The situation in the dam area has changed dramatically in the years since the establishment of the excavations in 1969. In the Euphrates valley, whose image was marked by the green of the cotton and the wide river, a large artificial lake has been formed, which has partially flooded the ruined city. It most affected the west bank, with its flat river terraces that were flooded first.</p><br>
<p>Situated high above the steep drop of the eastern shore, Tall Munbāqa is still preserved.</p><br>
<p>The exposed during the 1974 excavation East Gate is located on ♁ 36 ° 13 9 " N, 38 ° 7 54 " O36.219159 38.131635, the south gate on ♁ 36 ° 13 1 " N, 38 ° 7 44 " O36.217047 38.12891.</p><br>
<p>The exposed during the 1974 excavation East Gate is located on ♁ 36 ° 13 9 " N, 38 ° 7 54 " O36.219159 38.131635, the south gate on ♁ 36 ° 13 1 " N, 38 ° 7 44 " O36.217047 38.12891.</p><br>
<h2>City development</h2><br>
<p>The Euphrates was one of the highways, the Asia with the Mediterranean combined. Of course one of the main trade routes between the Sumerian and later Babylonian centers of power and the Syrian coastal cities and the immediate access to the main navigable river can be considered as one of the basic motives for founding this city. Trade was driving to urban planning. Town authorities and city destruction characterize the Urbanisationsfieber of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC in northern Syria, where the river from the Armenian highlands turns to the south-east, 200 km from the nearby Mediterranean were major trading centers. From there, the road passes over the northern Syrian plateau of Aleppo. Starting from the 4th millennium BC, Sumerian trading sites are detectable here. In the 3rd millennium, the height of the cultural and economic development, according to the model developed chiefdom Sumerian cities. The Old Syrian kingdom reached the 2nd millennium BC to the Euphrates. The Mitannistaat the Hurrians dominated a few centuries out the northeast of the modern-day Syria to the Euphrates. In the 14th century BC ruled the Hittites northern Syria and the Euphrates was the boundary area between the Assyrian and Hittite Empire. Around 1200 BC settled the Syrians on the Euphrates. This eventful history may be seen from the numerous ruins of hills along the 90 km long reservoir. One of the largest excavated ruins of this ancient cultural landscape Tall Munbāqa.</p><br>
<h2>Exploration of Tall Munbāqa</h2><br>
<p>In 1907, the English explorer discovered the ruins, drew up a plan and described the ramparts: "Munbayah where my tents were pitched - the Arabic name means only a high-altitude course - was probably the Bersiba in Ptolemy&#39;s list of city names. It consists of a double ramparts, situated on the river bank." Though Gertrude Bell was wrong in the localization of Bersiba, she did recognize the importance of the mound for the study of the oriental city. The 400 m x 500 m, rectangular town ruins, once strongly fortified, were documented and investigated 1964, on the occasion of the inspection of the area for a proposed reservoir. The German Oriental Society requested an excavation permit for the mound in 1968. In 1969-1970, Ernst Heinrich of the Berlin Institute of Technology measured the visible remains and in 1971 the excavation of these remains were carried out. In 1973 and 1974, excavations were led by Winfried Orthmann and in 1977 by Alfred Werner Maurer, both of the University of Saarbrücken. From 1979 on Dittmar Machule of the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg was the director. During the excavations in 1973, 1974 and 1977 up to 16 scientists and 90 local workers were involved in the excavations. Thanks to the discovery of 15 Late Bronze Age clay tablets mentioning the name of the city, it is now believed that it was known in this period as "Ekalte" and it has been suggested that earlier, in the Old Babylonian period, the city bore the name Yakaltum.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Winfried Orthmann: Der Alte Orient. Propyläen Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 14 (1974), 475</p><br>
<p>W. Orthmann, Hartmut Kühne: Mumbaqat 1973, Vorläufiger Bericht über die von der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft mit Mitteln der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk unternommenen Ausgrabungen, In: MDOG (1974) 53–97</p><br>
<p>W. Orthmann: Mumbaqat 1974. Vorläufiger Bericht über die von der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft mit Mitteln der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk unternommenen Ausgrabungen. MDOG 108(1976) 25–44</p><br>
<p>W. Mayer: Tall Munbaqa - Ekalte II. Die Texte. DOG 102, Saarbrücken 2001</p><br>
<p>Boese, W. Orthmann: Mumbaqat. Eine 5000 Jahre alte Stadt am Euphrat. Saarbrücken 1976</p><br>
<p>Alfred Werner Maurer: Ausgrabungen 1977 in Mumbaqat am Syrischen Euphrat. Vortrag am 17. März 1978 in Berlin Schloss Charlottenburg</p><br>
<p>P. Werner: Tall Munbaqa - Bronzezeit in Syrien. Katalog zur Wanderausstellung, Neumünster 1998</p><br>
<p>E. Kretz: Ein Töpferofen mit Lochtenne und Kuppel in Mumbaqat. In: Festschrift für Martin Graßnick, ed. Fachbereich Architektur / Raum- und Umweltplanung / Bauingenieurwesen der Universität Kaiserslautern, 1987, 267–270</p><br>
<p>Alfred Werner Maurer: Mumbaqat 1977, Bericht über die von der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft mit Mitteln der Universität Saarbrücken unternommene Ausgrabung. Philologus Verlag, Basel 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Foreman–Roberts House, formerly the James D. Roberts House and now also known as the Foreman–Roberts House Museum, is a historic house and museum located at 1217 N. Carson St. in Carson City, Nevada. The house was built in 1859 and was moved to the present location in 1873. Known also as the Thurman Roberts House for the last member of the Roberts family, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the headquarters of the Carson City Historical Society and is open to the public by appointment and for special events.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is significant "as a rare example of the Gothic Revival Style of architecture", being the only surviving example in Carson City and one of few in Nevada. It is also the oldest surviving house in Carson City.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented by drawings in the Historic American Buildings Survey program in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Heathsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Heathsville, Northumberland County, Virginia. The district includes 81 contributing buildings, 12 contributing sites, 4 contributing structures, and 4 contributing objects in the county seat of Northumberland County. It is an assemblage of residential, commercial, and government buildings dating from the 18th through 20th centuries in a variety of popular architectural styles. The linear district is centered on the courthouse square. Notable buildings include the Northumberland Court House , the old county jail , the former</p><br>
<p>Methodist Protestant Church (c. 1855-60), Harding House, Belleville, Heathsville Masonic Lodge No. 109 (1894), Bank of Northumberland (1924), and the Heathsville United Methodist Church (1894). Located in the district and separately listed are Rices Hotel, Oakley, St. Stephens Church, Sunnyside, and The Academy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Brandon Cemetery  is located in Brandon, Mississippi, northeast of the Downtown Brandon Historic District. It is an 8.8 acre cemetery originally platted in 1831. The cemetery contains over 1,000 marked graves, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is bordered by a cast iron fence and a stand of magnolia trees. The earliest graves, from 1834, are located on the eastern side of the cemetery. Graves from 1854 can be found on the western side of the property. The center of the cemetery contains a monument and plot of Civil War era graves, erected by the Sons of Confederate Veterans, which contains the remains of over 200 Union and Confederate soldiers who fought in the Battle of Shiloh. One small mausoleum with a gabled roof contains the remains of members of an early local family. Other areas of the cemetery include family plots, marked by brick walls; graves of Yellow Fever epidemic victims; and un-inscribed headstones of unidentified early African American residents. The majority of the grave markers are rounded-top headstones. The cemetery also features a variety of ornate headstones; including statuary, sculptures and reliefs. Many of the decorative headstones incorporate symbols of fraternal organizations and religious imagery.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Patrick Henry (USA Congressman)</p><br>
<p>Robert Lowry (governor)</p><br>
<p>Anselm J. McLaurin</p><br>
<h2>Current Status</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is considered active, as there are still plots available for sale. Recent efforts have been made to improve upkeep of the cemetery, including landscaping and new fencing. The cemetery can be viewed by the public during the day, from sunrise to sunset.</p><br>
<p>Fort Santa Agueda, on Guam Highway 7 in Hagåtña , Guam, dates from about 1800, during the 1784-1802 administration of Spanish governor Manuel Moro. It was an uncovered fort with a manposteria  parapet, rising about 10 ft above a sloping hillside. It is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places, as the only remaining fortification of the Spanish Era in Hagåtña.</p><br>
<p>The fort was mentioned in 1802 by an officer of an American whaling ship, who recorded that the fort had seven guns and ten men, and that it fired a salute when the governor entered a new church in Agana. Russian Otto von Kotzebue, in 1917, noted that it had only a few guns. It was in ruins by 1887. It was used by Americans as a signal station until 1933, and was converted to a gun emplacement by the Japanese occupiers during World War II.</p><br>
<p>It became a park in 1960 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Brandon Historic District is a ten acre district consisting of the downtown square of Brandon, Mississippi, mainly located along a section of East and West Government Street. The district also includes the 100th block of North College Street, where St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church and the Purvis House are located; as well as the 100th block of Black Street, where a historic African American Theater is located. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The district includes two other places listed on the NRHP: the Rankin County Confederate Monument and the Rankin County Courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Description and History</h2><br>
<p>Presently, the district is largely commercial, home to a number of local businesses, as well as a community theater and administrative buildings of the local government. There are also some residential buildings and a church. The majority of the buildings in the district were originally constructed between 1929 - 1950, with some later additions in more recent years. The architectural style of most buildings is brick-and-mortar, though some building now have a more modern appearance following renovations.</p><br>
<p>A fire in 1924 destroyed much of the greater downtown area, including the original Rankin County Courthouse; which was then rebuilt by famous architect Noah Webster Overstreet, Jr., and was later added to the National Register of Historic Places. The fire spared one building of historical significance: the Ohleyer Building, which is now the believed to be oldest existing structure in the downtown district area.</p><br>
<h3>Rankin County Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>See the Wikipedia article for the Rankin County Courthouse</p><br>
<h3>Confederate Monument</h3><br>
<p>See the Wikipedia article for Rankin County Confederate Monument</p><br>
<h3>Purvis House</h3><br>
<p>The Purvis House is a two-story structure located on North College Street. The house was constructed in 1924. It currently houses the offices of a local lawyer.</p><br>
<h3>Ohleyer Building</h3><br>
<p>The Ohleyer Building is a pre-Civil War era building, constructed by a family of French-born immigrants. The history of the building is not well documented. A website dedicated to Rankin County history (article by ) reported the recollections of long-time residents regarding the history of the building and its construction. The account includes the following description:</p><br>
<p>"This two-storied building of hand-hewn rock was built at the tremendous cost of $6,000. The story goes that he discovered the local rock deposit, hauled rock into town, shaped each one and then put them in place – all by himself. The walls were made two feet thick of solid rock held together with cement. It is thought to be the first two-storied building in Brandon."</p><br>
<p>The building was one of few that survived a large fire in 1924, and is currently believed to be the oldest structure in the downtown district area.</p><br>
<h3>African American Theater</h3><br>
<p>Currently known as Black Rose Theater.</p><br>
<p>North Mountain is a 2,584 ft ridge primarily located in Davidson Township of Sullivan County in the USA state of Pennsylvania. Its summit is that countys highest point, the 10th highest among the states 67 counties. Portions also extend into neighboring Lycoming, Luzerne, and Wyoming counties. The mountain has a topographic isolation of 57.99 mi. USA Route 220 passes near the mountain. The mountain once had a prolific population of animals, including grouse, deer , and bears.</p><br>
<p>Historic industries on and around North Mountain include lumbering and ice cutting. Pennsylvania Route 487 goes over North Mountain. The mountain is also home to a fire tower known as the North Mountain Fire Tower.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>North Mountain extends over portions of three counties. An extension of North Mountain in Davidson Township contains a plateau that is situated on the south side of Lopez Creek. An area consisting of approximately one third of North Mountain is known as Dutch Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The bedrock under the summit of North Mountain belongs to the Pocono Formation.</p><br>
<p>The North Mountain plateau has anticlinal and synclinal axes that run north 75° east to south 75° west. There is also a nearby geological structure known as the Ganoga Basin, which runs between Spring Creek and North Mountain. The rock of the basin gently slopes northwards and southwards. At one point, the mountain rises 1,200 ft above the surrounding area. At that point, the horizontal distance is from the surrounding area to the peak is 2,640 ft, giving the mountain a slope of approximately 0.46.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>North Mountain is situated in the watershed of the Susquehanna River. Sub-watersheds that waters from the mountain drain into include West Branch Susquehanna River. The tributaries of Fishing Creek in North Mountain have gorges.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around North Mountain was originally controlled by the Senecas. However, the last Indian village in the vicinity of North Mountain was destroyed in 1784 by a group of rangers led by Nigel Gray, Colonel of the Rangers. They also captured and wounded Skanando, a scalp hunter of the region. A trail blazed to facilitate communication between the frontier of upper Fishing Creek and North Mountain and forts on the Susquehanna River once lead from the community of Buckhorn to North Mountain. A tract of land purchased by William Hess by 1792 included parts of the mountain. However, the first person to settle in the Sullivan County portion of North Mountain was Griffith Phillips, who settled there in 1812.</p><br>
<p>The Northumberland Road was built by settlers living near North Mountain in 1806 and 1808. It most likely ran from North Mountain into Columbia County, which was part of Northumberland County at the time. However, it may have run as far north as Shrewsbury Township.</p><br>
<p>North Mountain was surveyed by Jonathan Hastie.</p><br>
<p>During the events of the Fishing Creek Confederacy, there were rumors that a fort with cannons had been built on North Mountain by deserters and draft evaders. 1000 Union soldiers searched for the fort on the mountain in late August 1864, but were unable to find it. However, in 2007, a 20 ft cabin used by hiding draft evaders during the American Civil War was discovered on North Mountain. However, at the time of the Fishing Creek Confederacy, locals in Benton Township, Fishing Creek Township and neighboring communities did commonly discuss the idea that a fort on the mountain would enable an army of 100 men to defeat an army of 1000 men.</p><br>
<h2>Industries</h2><br>
<p>Between 1890 and 1910, North Mountain was the location of the last major lumbering industry in its region. Several communities in the vicinity of the mountain had this as their main industry. From 1887 to 1912, the community of Alderston was a lumbering town; as was Harvey&#39;s Lake and Stull, from 1891 to 1906. Lopez was a lumbering town from 1887 to 1905, Jamison City was a lumbering town from 1889 to 1912, and Ricketts was a lumbering town from 1890 to 1912. The Lehigh Valley Railroad purchased 13,000 acres of forest on the mountain in 1876.</p><br>
<p>Ice cutting was another industry that was practiced in the vicinity of North Mountain. The community of Mountain Springs was where the industry was mostly practiced on the mountain. It was done here from 1891 to 1948. It was also practiced near Lake Ganoga between 1896 and 1915.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Lewis Stull was a prominent figure in both the lumbering and the ice cutting industries on the mountain. In the late 1880s, R. Bruce Ricketts owned portions of the forests on North Mountain.</p><br>
<p>There were no railroads through the area of North Mountain until 1893, when a rail line between Wilkes-Barre and Towanda opened, passing by the mountain. However, the prospect of a railroad past the mountain was considered by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and possibly the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad, although no action was taken at the time. The Wilkes-Barre and Harvey’s Lake Railroad was later created as another link between R. Bruce Ricketts&#39; land on the mountain and Wilkes-Barre. Later, a large number of spur lines were created in the forests on North Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>In the 1880s, people from Philadelphia and other cities would regularly come to the North Mountain area to hunt game, especially grouse and bears, although overhunting greatly reduced the amount of game in the area. In that time, the mountain was the most prolific spot for game in Pennsylvania, except for the Seven Mountains in Centre County and Mifflin County.</p><br>
<p>In 1893, R. Bruce Ricketts finished constructing a retreat on North Mountain. Work on the retreat was initiated in 1889. In 1879, the North Mountain Fishing Club was founded, and it continued until 1903. It was reestablished in 1907. R. Bruce Ricketts lived at one point in a stone mansion known as the Ganoga House, which was situated in the vicinity of the mountain. When Ricketts lived in it, it was the highest inhabited point in Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>There are no major ski resorts on North Mountain. Much of the land on the mountain is part of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands, particularly State Game Lands Number 13. However, between 1964 and 1984, a ski slope did exist on North Mountain near Sonestown. The slope featured a J-bar lift. A Poma lift was also brought to the slope, but never installed. There were plans at one point to extend the ski slope to a height 1400 vertical feet, but these plans ran afoul of local zoning laws. As of 2008, the slope was well-maintained.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>A 1930 report noted that North Mountain was home to pine mice, Hoy&#39;s shrews, southern flying squirrels, and three species of bats. The report also stated that pikas (rock rabbits) from the Rocky Mountains adapt well the life on North Mountain. wolves were common in the North Mountain region in 1861, but four years later, in 1865, they were extremely rare in that region. These wolves were typically large gray wolves, with adult males weighing close to 100 lb. As of 1920, the mountain was one of the few places in Pennsylvania where pine martens lived, although they were common there before 1900. The area of North Mountain was one of the last areas where northern white-tailed deer survived in significant numbers. Also, more white deer have been killed in the vicinity of North Mountain than in anywhere else in Pennsylvania, as of 1920. In the early 1800s, the mountain was said to be home to every mammal and bird species in Pennsylvania. The bird population of the mountain was studied as early as 1891.</p><br>
<p>There was a high concentration of beech mast in the area of North Mountain as of 1920. Pine and hemlock have also been observed on the mountain. Originally, there were mature and primeval forests, but after the lumbering industry, they were largely replaced by northern hardwood trees, such as sugar maple, red maple, American beech, and black cherry.</p><br>
<p>The Roba Ranch is a pioneer ranch located near the small unincorporated community of Paulina in Crook County, Oregon. The ranch is named for George and Mary Roba, sheep ranchers who acquired the property in 1892. Most of the important ranch buildings were constructed by the Roba family between about 1892 and 1910. Today, the ranch covers 1,480 acre and is privately owned. The ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans lived in Central Oregon for thousands of years before the arrival of Euro-American settlers. The high desert animals, birds, and plants provided food for these early inhabitants. While there are no records of the earliest people to inhabit the area, by the time Euro-Americans began to explore Central Oregon in the middle of the 19th century, the Northern Paiutes and various Sahaptin speaking peoples were using the area around what is now the Roba Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Euro-Americans settlers began arriving in Crook Country in the 1860s. The first town in the area was Prineville, Oregon. It was established 1868 as a combined store, saloon, and blacksmith shop. While low annual rainfall limited farming, the area’s open grasslands were ideal for grazing cattle and sheep. Cattle were brought into area by the first settlers. Sheep were introduced a short time later. Most ranches in the area were small parcels granted under the 1862 Homestead Act. However, ranchers let their livestock graze freely across unoccupied public lands. Typically, livestock was left on the open range year around. During the spring and summer, cattle and sheep herds used high elevation pastures in the Ochoco and Blue mountains. Then the herds were driven to lower elevations pastures for the winter. By 1890, there were approximately 300,000 sheep and 40,000 cattle grazing on Central Oregon range land.</p><br>
<h2>Roba family</h2><br>
<p>George Roba was born in Jernye, Czechoslovakia in 1862. He immigrated to the United States in 1882. After arriving in the United States, he worked as a miner in Pennsylvania. While mining, Roba met three Czechoslovakian brothers who introduced him to their sister. He married Maria (“Mary”) Sojka in 1886. Lured by the opportunity to acquire a Homestead Act land grant, Roba moved to Central Oregon in 1888. His wife and young family remained in Pennsylvania while he looked for work in Oregon. Roba found a job as a sheepherder at a ranch near Paulina, Oregon. He herded sheep through the Paulina Valley and along the north fork of the Crooked River. By 1889, George had accumulated a small herd of sheep and earned enough money to send for his family.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, Roba found a ranch near Paulina Creek. The owner wanted to move to the Willamette Valley so Roba was able to purchase the property. The original owner had already built a small ranch house and a barn on the property. This allowed Roba to begin sheep ranching as soon as his family moved to the ranch. By 1895, Roba had built a successful ranch operation with 1,400 sheep. He also had a few head of cattle plus some horses and mules.</p><br>
<p>From 1896 to 1905, there was a range war between cattlemen and sheepherders across much of eastern Oregon. In the Paulina area, the conflict was driven by the Crook County Sheep Shooter Association, a group of cattlemen dedicated to keeping sheep from grazing on public range land. During the worst years of the conflict, as many as 10,000 sheep were slaughtered. The conflict ended in 1906, when the United States Government began issuing grazing permit to control the use of Oregon’s public lands.</p><br>
<p>For the most part, Roba stayed clear of the conflict despite the fact that he had over 2,000 sheep. However, in the fall of 1899 one of his sheep camps was burned. Instead of risking the loss of his sheep to gunmen, Roba began selling his herd. Because livestock prices were high, he made a significant profit which he used to buy a store in Paulina. During this period, he also began to establish a small cattle herd. In 1910, Roba and his sons, Joseph and George Jr. constructed a new ranch house from stone they cut from a quarry on their property. George and Mary lived together on the ranch for another twenty-three years, until Mary died in 1933. When George died in 1939, the Roba&#39;s daughter, Ruby Rose, inherited the ranch.</p><br>
<p>A one-story utility room was added to the northeast corner of the main house in the 1950s. In the 1980s, a new barn, machine shop, and a vehicle and equipment storage building were constructed at the ranch. In 2004, the ranch was sold to Doug and Sue Stocks.</p><br>
<p>Today, there are four original ranch buildings plus one other historic structure remaining at the site. This makes the Roba Ranch one of the few surviving pioneer-era sheep ranches in Central Oregon. Because the remaining ranch complex is typical of late 19th and early 20th century family-run ranching operations, the Roba Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 7 November 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Ranch environment</h2><br>
<p>The Roba Ranch covers 1,480 acre. It is mostly grasslands surrounded by rim rocks and gently rolling hills covered in Western juniper and Ponderosa pine trees. There are two year-round streams, Paulina Creek and Roba Creek, that flow south through the property into the Paulina Valley. Both streams are shallow and are less than 30 ft wide at their widest point. The elevation at the historic ranch area is approximately 3,830 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The undeveloped parts of the Roba Ranch are dominated by native vegetation, predominately sagebrush and desert grasses. Common shrubs and wild flowers include bitterbrush, bitterroot, larkspur, and Indian Paintbrush. Western juniper and Ponderosa pine are common on upland slopes.</p><br>
<p>The ranch supports a wide variety of wildlife including mule deer, pronghorn antelope, coyote, American badger, jackrabbits, squirrels, and chipmunks. Bird species native to the area include sage grouse, mountain quail, mountain chickadees, pygmy nuthatch, great horned owls, hawks, and golden eagles.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The ranch house was built in 1910. It is a -story rustic Victorian style building. The building’s foundation is tuff-stone. The same stone was used to construct the first story structure. The upper level and roof are wood framed. The house has a high gabled roof with two brick chimneys and six gable dormers, three on the front and three on the back. The center dormers on the front and back of the house are larger than the outer dormers. The front porch runs the length of the building and is supported by square wooden posts. There is a second-story balcony above the porch. The dormers and the top portions of the main gable ends of the house are finished with fishscale wood shingles. There are Victorian style details on the second-story frieze, fascia boards, and support brackets around the dormers. The windows on the main level of the house are double-hung wood windows. The front dormers have tall, double-hung, two-over-two wood sash windows, while the rear dormers have simple casement windows. In the 1950s, a one-story addition was built onto northeast corner of the house. The addition has a gabled roof with board-and-batten siding. The main entrance to the ranch house is at the north end of the addition. Inside, on the first floor of the original house, there is a large living room, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom. The one-story addition houses a sun porch, walk-in cooler, mud-room, and a small bathroom. Upstairs there are four bedrooms and a bathroom.</p><br>
<p>The original barn, built sometime around 1888–1889, is the oldest structure on the ranch. The barn&#39;s footprint is 52 ft by 26 ft. It has a log-frame with a gable roof. The roof was originally covered with wood shingles, but at some point the shingles were replaced with corrugated metal. The structure has vertical siding made up of random-width boards. The south side of the barn has a lean-to shed attached. The barn interior is open space with a dirt floor. The building is supported by 14 in by 14 in timber posts, resting on tuff-stone blocks. There are built-in chicken coops and a storage area at the north end of the barn. The south end has a feed troughs and area for saddles and tack.</p><br>
<p>The pump house was built next to Roba Creek about 1900. The footprint of the pump house is 5 ft by 10 ft. It is a simple wooden structure with wood framing, wood-plank floor, vertical wooden siding, and a gable roof covered with wooden shingles.</p><br>
<p>The privy is located in the corral area, near the barn. It was built sometime around 1900. It is a simple 4 ft by 4 ft wooden structure with 1 in by 11 in rough-sawn vertical siding. It has a gable roof with a south facing door.</p><br>
<p>The historic corrals and fences are located at the top of a hill, north of the ranch house and barn. The corral area includes wooden fences and cattle chutes built in the late 1890s. Most fence posts are peeled juniper logs, approximately 8 in in diameter. The fences have four rough-sawn pine cross-rails, each 8 in wide. Rock cribs made of rough-cut logs filled with rocks are used to anchor and support fence lines.</p><br>
<p>The ranch complex also includes three non-historic buildings: a vehicle and equipment storage building, a machine shop, and a new barn. All of these buildings were constructed in the 1980s. The vehicle and equipment storage building has a wood-frame sheathed in board-and-batten siding. It has a shallow gable roof covered wooden shingle. The machine shop is a wood-frame building with corrugated metal walls and sheet metal roof. Half of the front side of the building is open while the other half is enclosed with a roll-up door. The new barn is a long, gable-roof building with a wood-frame, vertical wooden siding, and corrugated metal roof. One of the barn’s gable ends has large doors for easy access.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Roba Ranch is located off Oregon Route 380 in a remote area of Central Oregon in the eastern part of Crook County. The nearest town is the small unincorporated community of Paulina, Oregon, 10 mi south of the ranch property. The city of Prineville, the county seat of Crook County, is 64 mi west of the ranch via Paulina.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs Hall is a historic plantation house located at Kilmarnock, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built in 1853, on the foundations of an earlier dwelling of the same design. It is a two-story, five-bay, double pile brick dwelling with a gable roof. The front and rear facades feature similar porches supported by Tuscan order columns. The ends have two semi-exterior end chimneys flanking the peak of the gable. Also on the property are the contributing Cobbs Hall graveyard containing Lee family remains, the remains of a 1 1/2-story brick dwelling, and a brick meat house. Cobbs Hail is one of the noted Northern Neck plantations associated with the Lee family of Virginia since the middle of the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Hurstville is a historic plantation house located at Kilmarnock, Northumberland County, Virginia. It was built about 1777, and is a 1 1/2-story, three-bay, double pile brick dwelling with a steep gable roof. It measures 28 feet by 30 feet, and features exterior end chimneys with two sets of tiled weatherings and a beveled water table. Also on the property are the contributing Ball family cemetery and the site of the Cress Field dwelling. In 1940 Hurstville was purchased by the noted philanthropist, Jessie Ball duPont, who had the house restored as</p><br>
<p>a residence for her sisters. The majority of the markers in the Ball family cemetery are beautifully designed 1920s gray granite markers erected over the graves of members of the Ball family and installed under the direction of Jessie Ball duPont. A portion of the property was originally part of Cress Field, the ancestral Ball family home.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Hawksley House is an apartment building in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. It is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Sunderland-born brothers William and Thomas Ridley Milburn, the building was completed in 1907 as offices for the Sunderland and South Shields Water Company. It has recently been converted into apartments, at which time it gained its present name, after Thomas Hawksley and Charles Hawksley, father and son civil engineers who were associated with water related projects in Sunderland.</p><br>
<p>It is also home to Restaurant D&#39;acqua (restaurant of water) Est. 2008 which is found in the basement of Hawksley house. The name keeping with the theme of the beautiful building and its past use.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in Penrith red sandstone and ashlar with a Lakeland slate roof. The exterior design is neoclassical and features Ionic porches, Tuscan window bays, architraves and dentilled cornices.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a baroque, open stairwell with a glazed dome and high relief swags. The neoclassical design is repeated in the former board room, which has stucco wall panels and Ionic columns and pilasters.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
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<p>Woolsington Hall is a Grade II* listed country house in a 92 acre estate, in the village of Woolsington, in the City of Newcastle, England, north-west of Newcastle city centre. In addition to the hall, the stables, coach house, orangery, walled garden and east wing are Grade II listed.</p><br>
<p>The hall is not habitable and requires full restoration. It has been on English Heritage&#39;s Heritage at Risk register since 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The hall is built of stone, with painted ashlar dressings and edged by quoins. The roof is made of slate from the Lake district with stone gables. The house is 2 storeys high, divided into 3 bays and a single bay wing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woolsington Hall was the seat of the Bell family, landowners in Dinnington. In 1828 Matthew Bell, MP for Northumberland and Deputy Lieutenant of Northumberland was listed as living at the hall. All four battalions of the 103rd (Tyneside Irish) Brigade camped briefly at Woolsington Hall in May 1915. Conditions were so bad at Woolsington Hall that many soldiers who lived locally went home rather than stay there. The brigade trained in trench fighting at nearby Ponteland, and paraded through Newcastle city centre before departing from Woolsington for Salisbury Plain.</p><br>
<p>Woolsington Hall was bought by businessman Sir John Hall&#39;s Cameron Hall Developments for £1.32 million in 1994. Since 1994 Hall has proposed several developments of the Woolsington site including a football academy for Newcastle United, which was later built in Little Benton. A luxury hotel and golf course was later planned for the Woolsington Hall estate. Hall was threatened with legal action by Newcastle City Council in 2005 unless he carried out repairs to Woolsington Hall.</p><br>
<p>The hall was put up for sale for £2 million in October 2012, but withdrawn from sale in May 2013. Due to the dereliction of the hall, it has been described by the Daily Telegraph as a "distressed asset". In 2013 the councillor for the Woolsington ward, George Pattison, said that "It is a complete waste for it to be standing empty. It is a beautiful building and has a lot of historical significance...If it could be restored to something of the calibre of the Mansion House in Jesmond then it would be a great asset to the ward." The house was made weather tight in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Since 2002 the Woolington Hall estate has been on English Heritage&#39;s Heritage at Risk register. It is rated Category C by the register, defined as "Slow decay, no solution agreed".</p><br>
<p>The Leaze Gates, a set of two-tonne monumental gates from Newcastle United F.C.&#39;s St. James Park stadium, were stored in the grounds of Woolsington Hall until their restoration in August 2013. It had been hoped that they would form the entrance to a new football training centre at the hall.</p><br>
<p>On the night of Tuesday 30 December 2015, Woolsington Hall was gutted by a fire which destroyed its floors and roof. It was described as an arson attack by Northumbria Police who appealed for information to identify the perpetrators.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 2016, Woolsington Hall was standing roofless, with its walls supported by scaffolding.</p><br>
<p>The Benson Dillon Billinghurst House, at 729 Evans Ave. in Reno, Nevada, was built in 1910. It was a home of educator Benson Dillon Billinghurst, who was superintendent of schools of Washoe County during a long period, from 1908 until his death in 1935. He led innovations such as the introduction of junior high schools. That Nevadas schools were rated second in quality, nationwide, by a 1933 USA Department of Education study, was regarded as testament to Billinghusts leadership statewide. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The house is a two-story bungalow-style house, with an interior having varnished, stained pine finishes. The house is significant for its association with educator Billinghurst.</p><br>
<p>The Ivinson Mansion, now the Laramie Plains Museum, was built in 1892 in Laramie, Wyoming by Jane and Edward Ivinson. Designed by architect Walter E. Ware of Salt Lake City and built by local contractor Frank Cook, the house was regarded as the most significant residence in Laramie at its completion. Edward Ivinson gave the mansion to the Episcopal Church, which used it as a boarding school until 1958. After years of neglect, the house was acquired by the Laramie Plains Museum Association in 1972 and is used as a museum and events center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ivinson Mansion is a Victorian-style house with 11,726 ft&sup2; of living space, with three floors and a basement. Its main level is built of stone, and the upper levels are of wood frame construction. The front of the house is eight rooms wide, with lavishly detailed woodwork, tile and hardware. The left hand tower is square, with a steep pyramidal roof and a projecting rounded by, while the right turret is slightly smaller, octagonal in plan and surmounted by a curved bell-shaped roof. The central bay features a projecting one-story porch with Victorian detailing, with a curved bay above and a small, steep gable above the bay. The upper levels feature shingle style details,exemplified by the curved bays and rounded recessed window jambs. The rear of the house features a depressed roofline just above the second floor with partial dormers over the windows, which cut through the eaves. The hipped roof contrasts with the towered front elevation.</p><br>
<p>The property features a 2,647 ft&sup2; brick carriage house to the rear of the house. It was remodeled in 1921 for use as a school and renamed the Joslin Cottage. The Virginia Cottage, a nearby two-story stucco and frame building, built in 1924 and employing details from the house&#39;s rear wing shows some characteristics of the Prairie Style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edward Ivinson was born on September 20, 1830 on River Estate, St. Croix Island in the Danish West Indies, the son of an immigrant from England. Edward&#39;s parents provided for his formal education in England where he remained until he emigrated to the United States about 1852, working in New York. In 1854 he met and married Jane Wood, a 13-year-old English immigrant. Shortly thereafter the Ivinsons moved to Evansville, Indiana, then to Peoria, Illinois, where Edward became a naturalized United States citizen and worked in the dry goods business. In Peoria they adopted a young girl. Margaret Ellen Watson, the daughter of a critically ill tailor. They raised her as their own and she would be the only child that the couple would ever have. From there they moved on to Memphis, Tennessee, probably in 1862.</p><br>
<p>In 1867 the Ivinsons decided to move to California. Edward left first and by early 1868 had decided to temporarily do business in a place that would eventually become Laramie, Wyoming (at the time Dakota Territory). Jane and their eleven-year-old daughter Maggie arrived in Laramie on 10 May 1868. Ivinson sold general merchandise, rapidly expanding his business. He also extended his reach into banking when he bought the only bank in town. He soon sold the dry goods store and devoted most of the next 50 years to his various banking businesses.</p><br>
<p>Jane Ivinson helped established the local Episcopal Church and the citys first public school. Jane would remain influential in the local social scene for many years. She was also, however, engaged in the Ivinson banking business, being on the board of directors of Ivinsons Wyoming National Bank. Jane also owned several parcels of land in and near the city, much of which would eventually be conveyed to the Episcopal Church through the Ivinson&#39;s estate.</p><br>
<p>Maggie Ivinson married Galusha B. Grow on her 21st birthday in 1878. Galusha was from a prominent Pennsylvania family. He had moved west to experience life on the frontier probably due to the influence of his uncle Galusha A. Grow the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The Grow&#39;s would eventually move to San Diego, California, where the Ivinsons had wintered on several occasions.</p><br>
<p>Edward and Jane sold their shares in the Wyoming National Bank in 1888. His next major banking move was to purchase Merchants National Bank in San Diego in 1893. Galusha ran the bank for him until his until untimely death in 1903. Shortly thereafter, Ivinson sold the bank at great profit and reentered the banking business in Laramie, Wyoming when he purchased a large share in the First National Bank. He would remain part of that business until 1922 when he finally retired.</p><br>
<p>At the urging of Wyoming Republican party leaders, Edward mounted an unsuccessful run for governor of the newly created state of Wyoming in 1892. He was later elected mayor of Laramie in 1918, serving one term. Jane Ivinson died on November 9, 1915. Upon her death, Ivinson turned his attentions to philanthropy. Over the course of the next 10 years he would pay for the construction of a modern hospital in Laramie, fund the completion of the citys St. Matthews Cathedral, erect a monument to veterans of WW I and donate significant parcels of property to the Episcopal Church (most of which had originally been in his wifes name).</p><br>
<p>In 1921 Edward deeded the house and grounds of his palatial mansion to the Episcopal Church. The church used the estate as a boarding school for girls, adding the Virginia Cottage in 1924 and finally closing in 1958. He remarried in 1921 at the age of 90 to Augusta Haley, the 78-year-old widow of a deceased family friend and oft time business partner Ora Haley. The couple lived together for only a few months before they separated and eventually divorced.</p><br>
<p>Shortly before Ivinson&#39;s death, Ivinson created a trust funded by his entire remaining estate to build and maintain a home for elderly ladies. It had long been a dream of his first wife Jane to secure a place for ladies without means, where they could comfortably live their remaining years. Edward Ivinson died on April 9, 1928, at the age of 97 in his suite of rooms in the Brown Palace Hotel in Denver, Colorado. After his death, the trust constructed the facility which is still in operation today. The Ivinson Home for Ladies occupies its beautiful original structure in Laramie, Wyoming and still relies in part on the Ivinson trust for its operations.</p><br>
<p>The mansion Edward gave to the Episcopal Church was eventually abandoned when it became a burden on the churchs finances. It fell into ruin after the closure of the school, but was acquired by the Laramie Plains Museum Association in 1972. The restored house houses the museums collections and offices, and is used for events. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 3, 1972.</p><br>
<p>Durango High School, also known as the Durango 9-R Administration Building, is a former school in Durango, Colorado. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties. The building opened in 1917, and served as a high school until 1976, after which it became the district administration building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Durango&#39;s first high school opened in 1893. By early 1914, the school had problems with overcrowding, so plans were drawn up for a new building. The chosen site was between 12th and 13th Streets along East 2nd Avenue, and existing property owners were willing to sell. The optimal location for the building happened to be directly in the 2nd Avenue right-of-way, so the city abandoned the road and an alley in the 12th–13th Street block. A $175,000 bond for construction of the new building passed in 1916 with a vote of 238 to 199. The building was designed by architectural firm Thomas MacLaren and Charles Thomas and M.J. Kenney served as contractor. The Durango High School was one of the last projects that MacLaren and Thomas collaborated on before their partnership dissolved on April 4, 1917. Without equipment, the structure cost an estimated $165,000. The new school opened in September 1917 with 304 students; the former high school became a junior high school, and then an elementary school in 1937, and it burned down in 1950.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1918, as a result of World War I, German classes were dropped from the curriculum and German texts were burned. On October 17, 1918, Spanish influenza forced the closure of the school, and it did not reopen until January 6, 1919.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, Durango&#39;s population growth meant that the high school, designed for up to 500 students, could not accommodate a projected 700 students. Construction on a new school began in 1975, and it opened in 1976. The historic Durango High School became an administration building for the Durango 9-R School District, serving all administrative roles for the district including school board meetings. Renovation of the former school was directed by architect Michael R. Bell.</p><br>
<p>Durango High School was added to the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties on August 8, 2001. The school was nominated for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A for its role in education and Criterion C for its significance in architecture. It was added to the Register on October 20, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and use</h2><br>
<p>The Durango High School building was designed in the Classical Revival style, intended to accommodate 500 students. The building layout was based on a standard "H" shape, to which was added a wing housing the gym and auditorium, resulting in an inverted "T" shape. At the time of construction, Durango lacked a theater or public assembly hall, so the auditorium was built with the intent that it be used by the community and school.</p><br>
<p>The building is three stories tall with basement except along the north side where it is only one story. It is built of buff-colored, smooth-faced brick. The building features corner quoining and terra cotta trim, and is one of only two buildings in Durango to feature terra cotta ornamentation. At the top of the building&#39;s front is an arched parapet bearing a terra cotta plaque which reads "1916", above a rectangular plaque which reads "High School". On the east and west wings are two plaques which read "DHS". At the front of the building is garden maintained by the Four Corners Rose Society.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s exterior has remained largely unchanged, except for an addition at the rear of the building when the plunge pool became a swimming pool in 1927. The interior changed significantly during renovations in 1977–1978 when the school became the district administration building. Classrooms were modified with dropped ceilings and new lighting; the auditorium became a large, level-floored meeting room; and the swimming pool was covered over and became a storage area. The gym and its elevated running track remain.</p><br>
<p>The Peleg Brown Ranch, at 12945 Old Virginia Rd. in Reno, Nevada, dates from 1864. Also known as the Louis Damonte Ranch, it includes Bungalow/craftsman and Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994; the listing included five contributing buildings on about 4 acre.</p><br>
<p>The original Brown/Damonte Ranch included about 620 acre at the north end of Steamboat Valley, in the southern Truckee Meadows, roughly bounded by South Virginia Street (USA Highway 395) and Old Virginia Road on the sides.</p><br>
<p>1857 pioneer rancher Peleg Brown, a Rhode Island native arrived in the Truckee Meadows with his brother, Joshua. The two brothers introduced alfalfa to the Truckee Meadows and built their home and ranch 150 years ago which still stands today.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built in 1864 and has Greek Revival architecture; it was renovated in 1940 and in 1955.</p><br>
<p>A play house, built around 1900, is a Craftsman-style 8 x bungalow.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its association with the development of agriculture and irrigation in the Truckee Meadows in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries", including its serving the Comstock Lode mining area. It served as a stagecoach stop, too.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bloomington is located in Hudson, Illinois, United States. Lake Bloomington is a man-made lake, the original purpose of constructing the lake was to supply Bloomington-Normal with a reliable, primary source of water. Lake Bloomington is fed by Money Creek, whose water source is mostly field runoff from around the Towanda area. There was a need for this water supply, extensive research and construction resulted in the project costing more than the expected amount. The lake has 635 acres and 18.5 miles of shoreline.= undefined /&gt;. The average depth of the lake is 14.5&#39;. The maximum horsepower of motor boats is 40 HP. Crappie fishing is very good with most fish under 10".</p><br>
<p>Fish Limits:</p><br>
<p>FISH SIZE CREEL LIMITS</p><br>
<p>Large and Smallmouth Bass Minimum 15” 3 per day</p><br>
<p>Walleye Minimum 14” 6 per day</p><br>
<p>Northern Pike Minimum 24” 3 per day</p><br>
<p>Hybrid Striped Bass Minimum 17” 3 per day</p><br>
<p>White, Black or Hybrid Crappie No Minimum Length 25 per day</p><br>
<p>Bluegill or Redear Sunfish No Minimum Length 25 per day</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first meeting to talk about making this water source was held in the 1920s. The meeting included about 10 members. It was held at Bloomington City Hall. Egbort Hawk took control of the commission to create Lake Bloomington. The council decided to put out a survey to the people asking who would use the lake for recreational purposes such as swimming, fishing, family activities etc. About 8,500 people responded to the survey saying they would benefit from the lake.</p><br>
<p>L. E. Baker owned the land, and sold it to the City Council so the lake could be built. He sold the land per acre at a price of $185 and over 1,200 acres were purchased by the council.</p><br>
<p>The city had to controversially cut down over 50,000 trees to build the lake. Some records suggest they cut down more than what the City Council told the public. The workers used bonfires to clear the dried brush, but the logs were taken out by train.</p><br>
<p>About twenty different species of fish were transported to Lake Bloomington after construction. Some of the fish species were endangered and were transported to the lake in hope of increasing the population.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bloomington was finished on April 1930. By fall, the full opening of the lake was celebrated along with the 100th birthday of McLean County. The official formal dedication was on August 31, 1930. Slightly less than 30% of the visitors were not from Bloomington.</p><br>
<p>Scaife Glacier is located on Axel Heiberg Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut in the Canadian high arctic.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The Scaife Glacier is named after Sergeant Kenneth Scaife (born 1939) who died in an accident in the area on 9 August 1972, while on the final stage of a British Army Expedition.</p><br>
<p>The naming of the glacier was submitted to the Canadian Permanent committee on Geographical Names by the expedition leader along with another 37 suggestions, this name was the only one to be accepted.</p><br>
<h2>Accident Details</h2><br>
<p>On 9 August 1972 a party left Drop Camp to travel to Base Camp down Airdrop Glacier. The party of 4 left Drop Camp at about 1030 hours and by 1100 hours were negotiating the badly crevassed area one mile west of Drop Camp. It was raining hard visibility was poor.</p><br>
<p>The first two major crevasses were crossed and the first rope pair had successfully negotiated the third crevasse when the accident occurred. While crossing the narrow ice bridge Sapper Lewis&#39; pulk slid off the bridge and pulled him backwards in to the crevasse. It may have been that Scaife was too close behind Lewis and that there was some slack rope between them, but, whatever the cause, Scaife did not hold Lewis and was also pulled in to the crevasse.</p><br>
<p>Dilly and Lane unhitched from their pulks and ran back. Dilly climbed down 20 feet but could see no sign of either of the fallen climbers. Dilly climbed back and they returned to collect more equipment from their pulks. Returning to the crevasse Dilly weighted a rope with a piton hammer and lowered the end down the crevasse. Dilly then abseiled down the rope and on reaching the end found himself within 20 feet of Lewis. Traversing to Lewis he cut him free from his pulk and carried him to a more secure position on a narrow ledge where he wrapped a tent around him.</p><br>
<p>Scaife was a further 40 feet down so since there was no more rope Dilly took the rope off and climbed down to Scaife. After digging him out from a mass of loose snow he was placing him in the coma position when he stopped breathing. In spite of attempts at resuscitation Scaife did not recover, and after assuring himself that Scaife was dead Dilly returned to Lewis who was now partly conscious.</p><br>
<p>It took Dilly and Lane about an hour to drag Lewis to the top even with the aid of a Karabiner pulley system. 17 hours later a rescue party arrived at the crevasse to rescue Sapper Lewis. It was regretfully decided that no attempt should be made to recover Scaife&#39;s body in view of the risk involved. The leader read the burial service at the side of the crevasse. Sapper Lewis survived.</p><br>
<p>Lt Cdr Dilley was awarded the George Medal for his part in the rescue.</p><br>
<h2>Expedition Members</h2><br>
<p>Major A J Muston RAOC, Leader.</p><br>
<p>Surgeon Lt Cdr P N Dilly GM RNR, Accident party.</p><br>
<p>Captain M T King RAOC.</p><br>
<p>Lt J W Chuter REME.</p><br>
<p>Lt P R West RA.</p><br>
<p>Lt F S MacKenzie Royal Signals.</p><br>
<p>Lt D A Malcolm RA.</p><br>
<p>Lt R J Ebdon Royal Signals.</p><br>
<p>Sgt K Scaife RAOC, Accident party.</p><br>
<p>Cpl B R Lane.</p><br>
<p>LCpl M "Bronco" Lane, Accident party.</p><br>
<p>Sapper D F J Lewis RE, Accident party.</p><br>
<p>Mount Formidable is a mountain in the North Cascades of Skagit County, in Washington state. Its first ascent was undertaken by members of the original Ptarmigan Traverse, and the peak is a popular climb for parties on the traverse. It was named by early mountaineer Herman Ulrichs in 1935 because of the rugged appearance of its north face. The peak is usually accessed from Cascade Pass via the Ptarmigan Traverse.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and climate</h2><br>
<p>Mount Formidable is located on a spur ridge about half a mile west of the Cascade crest, between Cascade Pass and Dome Peak, and about a mile west of Spider Mountain. It is within the Marine west coast climatic zone, and experiences heavy snowfall as a result. The surrounding area is part of the Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion, and lower elevations are densely vegetated. The Middle Cascade Glacier, which drains into the Skagit River via the Cascade River, is on the north side of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The North Cascades are composed of terranes, or scattered, unrelated rock groups of various ages. More specifically, the immediate area surrounding Mount Formidable (i.e., within ten miles), is mainly composed of granitic rocks that are Mesozoic in age, and schist that dates from the late paleozoic. Mount Formidable itself is likely composed of originally igneous rocks that formed in the Triassic and were metamorphorphized in the Late Cretaceous.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Formidable is usually accessed via the Ptarmigan Traverse, which begins at Cascade Pass. There are, however, alternative routes, most of which involve ascending from the Middle Cascade Glacier.</p><br>
<p>The Purple Hotel, also known as the Hyatt House Hotel, was a hotel located at 4500 West Touhy Avenue in Lincolnwood, Illinois. Built in 1960, the hotel was Hyatts first Midwest hotel and became known for its purple brick exterior. The hotel served as Hyatts flagship Chicago area hotel until the 1970s and featured two restaurants and live music from popular acts. In 1983, Teamsters lawyer and alleged mobster Allen Dorfman was killed in the hotel&#39;s parking lot. After a series of ownership changes, the hotel closed in 2007 and was demolished in August 2013. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in July 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel opened in 1960 as the Lincolnwood Hyatt House. Architects Hausner & Macsai designed the building in a modern design. while the original architect claims that his clients had specifically chosen the purple bricks against his recommendation. The hotels amenities included two upscale restaurants, Tessys and T.J. Peppercorn&#39;s; an outdoor pool, which one visiting pianist called "the greatest&quot and live entertainment from musicians such as Perry Como, Roberta Flack, and Barry Manilow.</p><br>
<p>The hotel became known for a murder in 1983, when Teamsters lawyer and alleged Chicago Outfit mobster Allen Dorfman was shot in its parking lot. Dorfman had recently been convicted of conspiracy to bribe a USA Senator and was likely killed to prevent him from releasing information to authorities in exchange for a lighter sentence. The hotel also hosted swingers parties in the 1980s; according to convict Stuart Levine&#39;s testimony in two corruption trials, the parties were notorious for sex and heavy drug usage. In the 1990s, the hotel changed ownership and was operated by Radisson and Ramada, until it simply became known as the Purple Hotel in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Closure and demolition</h2><br>
<p>The Purple Hotel closed in January 2007 due to health code violations. A village inspection had found mold in 208 of the 225 rooms visited as well as failing windows, roof leakage, and problems with the hotels fire sprinkler system. After the hotel closed, the village threatened to demolish it unless a developer was willing to restore it. The building and property were auctioned to a Lincolnwood resident, sole bidder Jake Weiss. His new ownership realized a near-replica rebuilding of The Purple Hotel – complete with already purchased and loaned artifacts from the original. He teamed up with the Skokie-based North Capital Group along with architect Jackie Koo to rehabilitate the 8.5-acre property. A campaign to save the hotel began and the building was eventually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in July 2013. The North Capital Group purchased the building in 2011, intending to preserve and renovate the hotel. The group eventually decided instead to demolish it and convert the property to a mixed-use retail development. Before its demolition, the hotels purple bricks were sold off at the 2013 Lincolnwood Fest as a fundraiser for the Lincolnwood Public Library. The hotel was demolished on August 27, 2013.</p><br>
<p>As of March 20, 2014, plans were underway for the property development renaming the property The Shoppes At Lincoln Pointe along with a SpringHill Suites Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The West School is a historic former school in the village of Crooksville, Ohio, United States. Constructed during a period of significant growth in the community, it served local children for a comparatively short time before its sale for private use.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1904, The village was founded in 1874 at a location rich in clay, and by the opening of the twentieth century, it was experiencing rapid growth and had become one of Perry County&#39;s most important communities. Much of this growth was the result of the clay: multiple pottery factories were established in Crooksville, and the population boomed, causing the village fathers to realize their need of improved educational facilities. Some years later, during the 1910s, the building ceased being exclusively a primary school, as village officials began using it for a new secondary school.</p><br>
<p>The West School remained in operation for only about 25 years. Petroleum was discovered in the vicinity of Crooksville in the 1920s, producing increases in the village&#39;s population and finances. Consequently, it was decided to erect a replacement facility, and in 1929, the West School was sold to the Oak Leaf Lodge #678 of the Knights of Pythias, who occupied it until 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>West School is primarily a brick building, as both its foundation and its walls are constructed of the material, although stone and metal elements are also present. Two and a half stories tall, the building features a prominent bell tower in one corner; the schools basic floor plan is that of the letter "L", and the tower sits in the elbow created by the intersection of the buildings main portion and its ell. No specific architectural style can be deemed to include the West School.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the West School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its significant place in local history. Much of its significance arises from its status as the only architectural relic of early 20th-century Crooksville. It is Crooksvilles only National Register-listed location and one of one of thirteen countywide, although the Register also includes seven locations in and around the nearby village of Roseville, just outside the countys boundaries.</p><br>
<p>Geography of the Gough Island , consists of the remote, rugged terrain of the isolated island, which is situated between the tip of South Africa and South America.</p><br>
<p>Gough Island is about 400 km southeast of the other islands in the Tristan da Cunha group, 2,700 km from Cape Town, and over 3,200 km east of the nearest point of South America. The island is roughly rectangular with a length of 13 km and a width of 7 km. It has an area of 91 km&sup2; and rises to heights of over 900 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>A meteorological station, manned by seven members of the South African National Antarctic programme (SANAP), has operated at Glen since 1963.</p><br>
<h2>Physical geography</h2><br>
<p>One of the remotest islands in the world, Gough Island is in the South Atlantic Ocean. While the central part of the island is a plateau, the western part has a highland with the highest peaks and cliffs rising to 1,500 ft. Glens cut deep into the inland from the northern and eastern sides. Geological formations on the island are of volcanic origin.</p><br>
<p>Topographic features include its highest peak, Edinburgh Peak (2,986 ft), as well as Hags Tooth, Mount Rowett, Sea Elephant Bay, Quest Bay, and Hawkins Bay.</p><br>
<p>Surrounding Gough are small satellite islands and rocks, such as Southwest Island, Saddle Island (to the South), Tristiana Rock, Isolda Rock (West), Round Island, Cone Island, Lot&#39;s Wife, Church Rock (North), Penguin Island (Northeast), and The Admirals (East).</p><br>
<p>The average temperature is 12 &deg;C while the average rainfall is 3,000 mm. Snow occurs in the highlands.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological significance</h2><br>
<p>Gough Island was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1995, for its "marine ecosystems in the cool temperate zone." The island "has been described as the most important seabird island in the world".</p><br>
<h2>Human geography</h2><br>
<p>The Portuguese discovered Gough Island in 1505 but landed on the island only in 1675. It was rediscovered in 1732 by naval captain Charles Gough. The explorers were followed by sealers who exploited seals till the early 19th century. There was a brief period of human occupation for two years from 1936-38 when farming was done to hunt for birds, their eggs, and to extract driftwood, guano and apples.</p><br>
<p>Since then, naval and scientific expeditions have also made brief visits to the island. The island was annexed by the United Kingdom in 1938. Its present status is as a territory of the Dependency of Tristan da Cunha under the Crown Colony of St Helena.</p><br>
<p>Rose Lake is a lake on the border between Cook County, Minnesota and Ontario.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Rose Lake covers a surface of 1315 acres and has a maximum depth of 90 feet. It rests in the Rove Formation, which is characterized by Animikie slates interrupted by diabase sills which form long, parallel, east-west ridges with shallow south rises and steep cliffs on the north. The ridge to the south of Rose Lake rises three hundred feet over the lake&#39;s surface for nearly all its length.</p><br>
<h2>Plant and Animal Life</h2><br>
<p>Rose Lake contains Walleye, Lake Trout, Smallmouth Bass, Cisco, Lake Whitefish, Rainbow Smelt, Burbot, Yellow Perch, and White Sucker.</p><br>
<h2>Human Use</h2><br>
<p>Rose Lake became the terminus of the Alger Smith railroad after the General Logging Company purchased its northern portion and extended it from Two Island Lake in the 1920s. Logging reached the eastern shore of Rose Lake around 1929, but ended shortly thereafter when the General Logging Company suffered setbacks due to the Brule Lake Fire of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>Rose Lake is in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area within the USA and Quetico Provincial Park within Canada. The BWCA restricts access to specific entry points. Rose Lake may be accessed by canoe through a portage from Duncan Lake, or by foot through the Border Route Trail or Caribou Rock Trail.</p><br>
<p>The Bailey–Michelet House is a historic Italianate residence on Sheridan Road in Wilmette, Illinois. Originally built in Evanston, it was home to meatpacking businessman William Roberts Bailey and his wife Nancy. In 1896, the house was moved to Wilmette when it was sold to lawyer Charles Jules Michelet. Several generations of Michelet lived in the house. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bailey–Michelet House was originally constructed on Ridge Avenue, north of Central Street at Maple Street; today the land is part of the Bahá&#39;í Temple. The land was acquired by the William Roberts and Nancy (née McAllister) Bailey in 1872, and a house was built shortly thereafter. William Roberts Bailey came to Evanston shortly before he served with the 8th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry in the Civil War. After the war, he founded a meat-packing business on Davis Street. The business was very successful due in part to the rapidly growing Evanston population. In 1871, the Bailey–Michelet House was built, probably either by the Baileys themselves or local carpenter Luther L. Greenleaf. Bailey continued to prosper, purchasing the Jennings Opera House. Bailey was also the first Fire Marshall of Evanston and was a member of several local fraternal and business associations. He died suddenly in 1890 at the age of 46.</p><br>
<p>Nancy Bailey was an Irish immigrant who settled in Evanston to work in the household of former Illinois governor and Northwestern University co-founder John Evans. She managed the Bailey household upon their marriage. Nancy Bailey inherited her husbands estate, valued at $150,000, upon William Roberts Baileys death. She had a new house built for the family at 2907 Sheridan. Nancy Bailey died on August 22, 1896 while on voyage to Ireland. Shortly before her death, she sold the older family house to Charles Jules Michelet, who moved the house to its present site. The land was adjacent to the house of Michelet&#39;s brother.</p><br>
<p>Michelet was an attorney who practiced in Wilmette. He was the brother-in-law of President of the Illinois Senate Walter Warder. He oversaw a case between the heirs of Nancy Bailey over her will. Baileys will had been signed under duress from Chicago jeweler Charles Teufel. The estate would have passed entirely to Teufel. After two trials, the house and estate were instead awarded to Baileys children. As a reward for his service, the children forgave the remainder of the Bailey–Michelet House payment for Michelet. His son Charles J. Michelet, a research engineer, inherited the house. Two subsequent generations of Michelets resided in the house. On August 12, 1982, the house was recognized by the National Park Service on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bailey–Michelet House is a twelve-room, two-story wood frame house. It was probably built by local carpenter and realtor Luther L. Greenleaf. Although there is no direct evidence of his involvement, Greenleaf was very active in Evanston at the time, particularly in the houses vicinity. Built on a brick foundation, the building is generally of the Italianate style. It was probably strongly based on a house from a pattern book, which were popular for house design at the time. Plate 65 of A. J. Bicknells Detail, Cottage, and Constructive Architecture may have been the exact model; the house is an enlargement of the pattern. There are two bays, one on the main elevation (on the west end) and one on the south elevation. They are probably based on plate 14 of Bicknell&#39;s Designs for Oriel, Bay and Dormer Windows. The main entrance has double doors with bolection moulding and is surrounded by a frame with a rope design. The entrance leads to a small vestibule. Unusual for an Italianate design, the main roof of the house is steeply pitched; a flat roof was more common for the style. This was purportedly done to bear the heavy snows that the house experienced along the shore of Lake Michigan in winter.</p><br>
<p>On the inside, the house is centered around a two-story main hall. From the entrance, the parlor and dining room are on the left and the library is to the right. The kitchen is in the rear of the property. The parlor has a decorative architrave and cornice. The dining room has similar features as well as a large fireplace. The library has a more intricate architrave and cornice and features a smaller fireplace opposite the bay. A large, curving staircase in the main hall leads to the second floor. It features a walnut octagonal newel post with coffered panels. Walnut balustrades and banister run along the staircase. The second floor houses four bedrooms which open to the main hall gallery. One is above the parlor, one is above the library, and two small bedrooms are above the kitchen. A bathroom and servant&#39;s quarters are also over the kitchen. The flooring on the first floor is oak and was probably added in the 1910s. The second floor features original soft wood.</p><br>
<p>Robertson House is a historic house at 403 N Plum Street in Eureka, Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The history of the Robertson House parallels the rise and fall of the Kansas oil industry. The homes eclectic Prairie-style design, unique in Kansas, reflected the owners financial success. When he built the home in 1923 at a cost of $40,000, oil drill contractor Russell Roy Robertson likely believed that oil prices would remain steady. For the first time, oil workers, who had lived in temporary company towns, began to take permanent residence in oil towns like Eureka. In the words of historian Craig Miner, "Oil had become respectable during the 1920s."</p><br>
<p>The Robertson House likely seemed affordable to oil contractor Roy Clair Patton, who bought the property from Robertson at the dawn of the Great Depression. But when drillers flooded the market, oil prices plunged and yields fell, those who made their living drilling oil wells could no longer afford it. By 1933, the price of oil had tanked to just 66 cents and the house was sold at sheriff&#39;s sale. The property was nominated for its association with the local oil industry and for its eclectic Prairie and Mission styles.</p><br>
<p>The Washoe County Library-Sparks Branch, at a prominent corner location at 814 Victorian St. in Sparks, Nevada, is a historic building that was designed by Nevada architect Frederick J. DeLongchamps and was built in 1931. Also known as Sparks Justice Court, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It was deemed significant for serving as a unique example of the Mediterranean Revival style in Sparks. It is the oldest surviving government building in Sparks.</p><br>
<p>It was built as the Sparks Branch of the Washoe County Library system. In 1965 the library was moved to a bigger building and the City of Sparks Justice Court, which had been in the building already, was expanded to the entire building. In 1992 there were plans to make the building into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Ponn Humpback Covered Bridge was a historic covered bridge in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located near the village of Wilkesville in Vinton County, it bore a name derived from its unusual shape: the bridge was arched in the middle, rather than being flat like a typical covered bridge. Declared a historic site in the 1970s, the bridge had a history closely tied to arson — it was constructed to replace a bridge that had been burned intentionally, and it met its end at the hands of an arsonist.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first bridge spanning Raccoon Creek southwest of Wilkesville was constructed in 1848; it lasted until 1870, when the Vinton County government contracted for the construction of a replacement. The new bridge failed to match its predecessors endurance record, as it was intentionally destroyed four years later by a fire set by an unknown individual. At the time, arson was a frequent crime in southeastern Vinton County, and the county announced a reward of $1,000 for the capture of the miscreant responsible; however, no occasion ever arose for the reward to be paid. Within days of the bridges destruction, county officials imposed a new tax to pay to replace the arsoned bridge, and under the leadership of Martin McGrath and Lyman Wells, it was completed within the year at a cost of $1,898. After decades of carrying ordinary road traffic, the bridge was found to have suffered structural deterioration, but instead of replacing it, county officials chose to reroute the road onto a new truss bridge built parallel to the covered bridge, leaving the covered bridge as a tourist attraction. Named a historic site in 1973, it remained in its original place until 6 June 2013, when it was destroyed by a fire that the state fire marshal deemed to be intentionally set.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Built of wood with steel elements, the Ponn Humpback Bridge was constructed atop abutments of sandstone. Its Burr arch truss design featured a camber of 19 in, both at the base of the walls and at their top. This arch, the height of which was approximately 1% of the bridges length of 165 ft, was the bridges most distinctive feature; rather than being constructed to permit the passage of boat traffic, the arch (or "humpback") was included in order to enable the bridge to cross the deep gorge of Raccoon Creek without any structural support in the middle. As a result, throughout its history, the Humpback Bridge was one of Ohio&#39;s longest covered bridges as well as one of its most unusual.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Ponn Humpback Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1973, becoming Vinton Countys first location with that designation. Hope Furnace near Zaleski gained National Register status in the following month, a group of Indian mounds were added in 1974, and by the time of the bridges destruction, it was one of ten sites countywide. The bridge&#39;s destruction does not automatically entail its removal from the Register; the Lockington Covered Bridge in far western Ohio burned in 1989, but when the Humpback Bridge was destroyed, the Lockington Bridge still had not yet been undesignated.</p><br>
<p>The Wyoming Territorial Prison is a former federal government prison near Laramie, Wyoming. Built in 1872 it is one of the oldest buildings in Wyoming. It operated as a federal penitentiary from 1872 to 1890, and as a state prison from 1890 to 1901. It was then transferred to the University of Wyoming and was used as an agricultural experiment station until 1989. In 1991 the facility was opened to the public, and in 2004 was designated as Wyoming Territorial Prison State Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The prison was built in 1872 and began accepting prisoners in early 1873. The facility had problems from the outset, with a fire in 1873 and recurrent jailbreaks. Of the 44 prisoners accepted in the first two years of operation, 11 escaped. By 1877 the prison was overcrowded. As the prison filled its reputation worsened, and it became less used, being considered more appropriate for those with light sentences. During the 1880s the prison was under capacity, with as few as three prisoners at one time. However, in 1889 a second cellblock was constructed,a expanding capacity to 150 and providing a central kitchen, dining hall, guards&#39; rooms and steam heat. There were at least five cells for female inmates, and several solitary confinement cells. In 1890 Wyoming became a state and the facility was transferred to the new state, which already had planned a new facility in Rawlins. Butch Cassidy was incarcerated here in 1894-1896. Prisoners were transferred to Rawlins in 1901, The prison was closed in 1903 and given to the University of Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The university operated the property to conduct experiments in livestock breeding until 1989. In 1991 the property opened to the public. In 2004 it was established as Wyoming Territorial Prison State Historic Site. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>When it was built the Wyoming Territorial Penitentiary stood apart from Laramie on the west side of the town, surrounded by open land. The principal buildings are built of rough gray sandstone, embellished by brown sandstone quoining and arches. The original cellblock measured about 40 ft by 70 ft, a mansard roofed rectangular building with a prominent, steeply pitched cross gable. Tall windows with dormers above illuminate the interior, where most of the cellblocks have been removed and the space adapted to house animals. The original plan consisted of three tiers of cells, each tier with 14 8 ft square cells, heated by fireplaces at either end of the cellblock. The prison was enclosed by a wooden fence, 12 ft high.</p><br>
<p>The warden&#39;s residence was built in 1875 by convicts. The stucco-covered stone structure later housed the superintendent of the stock farm. The interior, which once had 12 ft ceilings, has been much altered. It was connected to the main building by a tunnel for steam pipes.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit Finnish Cooperative Summer Camp Association is a camping facility located at 2524 Loon Lake Road in Wixom, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1997 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In about 1906, a group of Detroit-area people of Finnish descent formed the Detroit Finnish Educational Association to preserve and share the traditions of their native land. The Association members participated in communal summer activities, often renting beaches and parks for camping and swimming. The first sauna was constructed in 1926, and the dance hall in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Detroit Finnish Cooperative Summer Camp Association, fondly known as “Finn Camp”, is set on a wooded property along Loon Lake, and entirely surrounds the smaller Sun Lake. The property is bounded by Loon Lake, the Hickory Hill Golf and Country Club, the Detroit Finnish Cooperative Summer Camp Association subdivision, and the Loon Lake Estates subdivision.</p><br>
<p>The Caswell House is a single family house located at 60 W. Wattles Road in Troy, Michigan in the Troy Museum and Historic Village. It is an especially well-preserved example of Greek Revival architecture. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1969 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In May 1823, moved to a farm near what is now the intersection of Big Beaver and Adams Roads, and in 1823 built a log cabin to live in. In 1832, the couple built this house to replace the log cabin. Huldah died in 1844, and Solomon quickly remarried to Melinda Marvin. The Caswells constructed an addition to the house in 1850; Solomon Caswell lived in the house until his death in 1880.</p><br>
<p>After Solomon Caswell&#39;s death, his descendents continued to live in the house. William Caswell willed the house and property to a friend, who sold it to North Hills Christian Reformed Church. In 1968, the house was threatened with demolition, but the church donated the home to the Troy Historical Society, who moved to its present location and fully restored it. The house is now part of the Troy Museum and Historic Village.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Solomon and Hulda Caswell House is a two-story frame Greek Revival house with clapboard. The foundation is now built of concrete block faced with fieldstone. A 1-1/2 story addition is built on the rear. The front facade has a central entrance flanked with pilasters and surmounted with a heavy entablature.</p><br>
<p>Chitlapakkam aeri, or Chitlapakkam lake, is an urban lake located in Chitlapakkam, a suburb of Chennai, India. It is the chief water body in the neighbourhood.</p><br>
<p>The lake currently measures 46.88 acres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before urbanization, Chitlapakkam was an important agricultural area. The water from the lake was then used for irrigation. Pachamalai hill in the neighbourhood served as a source for the lake.</p><br>
<p>Until the 1980s, the waterfront provided recreation. The lake filled water tanks in the nearby areas of Sembakkam and Hasthinapuram. Till the early 1980s, groundwater could be found in the neighbourhood at a depth of just 5 feet. The water level did not fall below 10 feet even at the peak of summer. The area became a residential area chiefly due to the reason that the water was potable. The lake also attracted migratory birds and was a favourite spot for birdwatchers.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, the government planned to use the lake bed for construction of public utilities, namely, a district court, bus terminus and the Tambaram Taluk office. Residential layouts were planned by the Tamil Nadu Housing Board on the lake bed. However, the locals resisted these governmental measures by means of a massive campaign to protect the lake and succeeded. The community also urged the Kancheepuram district administration to restore the lake. This resulted in strengthening of the lake bunds and raising their height to 10 feet in 2003. These measures increased the storage capacity of the lake. However, the lack of an underground drainage system in localities around the lake resulted in several gallons of untreated sewage flowing into the lake regularly. According to estimates by the public works department, as much as 175 encroachments have taken over various parts of the lake bed.</p><br>
<h2>The lake</h2><br>
<p>The total area of the water body is 86.86 acres. However, the water body has shrunk to 47 acres, chiefly due to encroachments.</p><br>
<p>After the conversion of agricultural farms into residential areas, the water from the lake is not used for irrigation. There are three channels at the foot of the hill, which have been connected to the Chitlapakkam Lake.</p><br>
<p>Because of the presence of lake, the water table level is higher compared with many other areas in Chennai. The level of water table in this area is 2.50 to 8 m, and the level of TDS is 400 to 900 ppm.</p><br>
<p>Bird watching center From April-Sep you can view the Spot dotted pelicans, and round the year you can see the Grey heron in this lake, migrated pelicans make colony here its very closer to watch.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The lake has been contaminated by the sewage from houses in the neighbourhood. Garbage from 15,000 households and sewage from 1,500 commercial establishments on GST Road make their way into the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Dump Yard</h2><br>
<p>The open space near a lake in Chitlapakkam has been converted into a dump yard. The dump yard has been in existence for more than a century. The city generates about 8 tonnes of waste every day. Sanitary workers of the local body dump 3 tonnes of waste generated by the town at the half-acre yard in front of the lake and set fire to it. The smoke generated creates woes to the general public and the patients who come to the adjacent government hospital.</p><br>
<p>The remaining 5 tonnes of waste is collected from 10,030 households in the 18 wards of the local body by Green Friends of Hand-In-Hand (HIH). It is segregated in a scientific method in a biocompost shed. HIH is a Kancheepuram-based NGO that specializes in solid waste management in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>A major restoration work was initiated in June 2003, when an 4 million project was mooted for which funds were collected from various sources including the government, residents, individuals, residents’ groups, and philanthropists.</p><br>
<p>According to a report submitted to the Kancheepuram district administration, improvement work on the lake would require an estimated 4.5 million for the improvement of the lake. The public has funded 1.5 million and the state government is funding 3 million.</p><br>
<p>On 10 February 2013, work to build a 750-m pathway around the lake, at the cost of 45 lakhs, commenced. It is proposed that the lake will be used for boating and a garden will be maintained around.</p><br>
<p>The N.K. Boswell Ranch is one of the oldest ranches on the edge of the Laramie Plains along the Big Laramie River in Albany County, Wyoming, USA. The ranch was established in the early 1870s, possibly by a man named C.T. Waldron. The ranch is significant for its association with Nathaniel K. Boswell, who was Albany County Sheriff at a time when the county extended from Colorado to Montana.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ranch lies in a valley on the east side of the Medicine Bow Mountains, with 1,768 acre of deeded land and 3,000 acre of leased land. The historical portion of the ranch headquarters comprises a 1-1/2 story log ranch house, a log shed, three log cabins, two wood frame sheds and a series of log corrals. The ranch house dates to about 1873, and one log cabin is dated to 1894. Across the access road are a series of log and frame ranch buildings, including barns, a bunkhouse, a workshop, several sheds and two privies.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Established in the 1870s by an obscure series of settlers, the ranch is a representative example of a moderate-sized working ranch. It was also a stopping point on the North Park-Laramie Plains Road. In 1886 Nathaniel K. Boswell acquired a part-interest in the ranch. Boswell was a prominent citizen in southeastern Wyoming during the late 19th century. Boswell, originally from New Hampshire, was established in Cheyenne by 1867, and in 1868 he is described as working in law enforcement in an "unofficial capacity." His activities on a vigilance committee led to more formal employment, and he became Albany County Sheriff in 1869. Bowell also acted as a private detective, and in 1873 was the first warden of the Wyoming Territorial Penitentiary. In 1903 Boswell rode over the Laramie Mountains with Theodore Roosevelt. He was also a friend of writer Bill Nye. Boswell died in 1921. The ranch changed hands several times after his death.</p><br>
<p>The N.K. Bowell Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Haphazard is a historic house located on Pleasant Valley Road in Owensboro, Kentucky. The house overlooks the Ohio River, and its name is probably derived from the rivers eddies. The property which Haphazard was built on was originally owned by George Mason, a signatory to the USA Constitution, who was given the land in a grant surveyed in 1787. Masons grandson Richard sold the property to Robert Triplett in 1822, by which point the log house forming the central portion of the home had been built. Triplett likely added the houses side wings, northern gable, and Federal style interior. Triplett accomplished many local firsts, as he was Owensboros first large real estate dealer; Daviess Countys first soil conservationist, barge operator, and author; the first distiller on the Ohio River in the county; and the builder of Kentuckys first railroad. In 1843, A. B. Barret purchased the house from Triplett; Barret then sold the house to William Bell the following year. Bell, the president of a local bank, likely added the house&#39;s Greek Revival portico.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 22, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Lanak La or Lanak Pass  is a mountain pass in Tibet Autonomous Region, China . It is on the southeastern boundary of the Aksai Chin region that is controlled by China.</p><br>
<p>India regards Lanak La as its boundary with China, while China considers the Kongka Pass further west as the boundary. Lanak La is a well-established frontier point between Ladakh and Tibet confirmed by travellers from William Moorcroft in 1820 onwards. There are substantial Kashmiri Government records for the area of the Chang Chenmo valley between the Lanak and Kongka passes. In addition to the revenue records, 1908 Ladakh Settlement Report, reports of several survey teams, the Jammu and Kashmir Game Preservation Act of 1951, there are Kashmiri documents relating to the construction and maintenance of trade routes, rest houses, and storehouses in the Chang Chenmo valley. All of them placed the entire valley up to the Lanak Pass within Ladakh. Indian sources cite travellers in the employment of British India who wrote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that the traditional boundary between Ladakh and Tibet was at Lanak La. However, modern scholars such as Larry Wortzel and Allen S. Whiting consider Kongka Pass to be the traditional boundary.</p><br>
<p>Indian sources state that there were no Chinese troops in the area in 1952, that the Indian army patrolled up to Lanak La until 1958, and there was an Indian flag planted there until 1956.</p><br>
<p>In October 1959, Indian troops crossed the Kongka Pass in an attempt to establish posts on Lanak La. This resulted in a clash with the Chinese soldiers posted at Kongka.</p><br>
<p>Strathleven House is an early 18th-century country house in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is located in the Vale of Leven, around 3 km north of Dumbarton. Built in 1700, it is probably the work of the architect James Smith, and has been described as "the earliest surviving example of the classic Palladian country house in Scotland". Strathleven House, and its 18th-century dovecote, are protected as category A listed buildings,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Strathleven estate, then known as Kirkmichael, was owned in the 14th century by the Fleming family, passing to the Semples of Fulwood in the 17th century. In 1677 it was bought by the royalist William Cochrane, 1st Earl of Dundonald (1605–1685), who settled the estates of Strathleven and neighbouring Kilmaronock on his grandson William. This William married a daughter of James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose, and sat in the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of Great Britain following the union of 1707.</p><br>
<p>A tower house may have existed on the estate at this time, but in 1700 William built the present house which he named Levenside. His initials and coat of arms are inscribed on the stonework of the building. The architect is unrecorded. It has been suggested that William Adam, Sir William Bruce, or Alexander McGill may have been responsible. However, on stylistic grounds James Smith is considered the most likely designer. The design of Strathleven has been compared to his houses at Newhailes near Edinburgh and Raith House in Kirkcaldy. The dovecote which stands nearby is considered to be contemporary with the house.</p><br>
<p>After William Cochrane&#39;s death in 1717 the house was sold to Archibald Campbell of Stonefield, a kinsman of the Duke of Argyll. In 1830 it was sold again, to Glasgow merchant James Ewing, who shortly after served as Lord Provost of Glasgow and Member of Parliament for Glasgow. He changed the name of the estate to Strathleven, and enlarged the estate substantially by the purchase of Dumbarton Muir from Dumbarton Town Council in 1841. He also made minor alterations to the house, as well as more significant additions to the grounds, including new stables. His widow lived in the house until 1900, when it was inherited by the Crum-Ewing family.</p><br>
<p>In 1947 Strathleven was compulsorily purchased by the Board of Trade. The area had been earmarked for redevelopment as a major industrial estate. By 1956, 2,700 people were employed at Strathleven Industrial Estate, but the house remained empty. Strathleven House deteriorated over subsequent decades, and in 1979 the interiors, including panelling and balustrades, were removed to storage to protect them from dry rot.</p><br>
<p>In 1985 the Scottish Historic Buildings Trust was established, partly in response to the need to save Strathleven House. The Trust succeeded in purchasing the house the following year, and repairs to stabilise the building and replace the roof were carried out between 1993 and 1996. A conservation plan was drawn up in 1997 for the full restoration of the house, which was completed in 2000. Since then the property has been leased by the Trust as serviced office accommodation and conference facilities. The 19th-century portico was re-erected as a folly at Broadwoodside, East Lothian.</p><br>
<p>The category B-listed coach house and stables, which are in the ownership of Scottish Enterprise, successors to the Board of Trade, remain in a derelict condition and are included on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland.</p><br>
